Things Subject to Zakat
1 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Amr ibn Yahya al-Mazini
that his father said that he had heard Abu Sa'id al-Khudri say that the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There is no
zakat due on less than five camels, there is no zakat due on less
than five awaq* (two hundred dirhams of pure silver) and there is no
zakat due on less than five awsaq (three hundred sa')."
* Plural of awqiya which is forty dirhams.
[cf Bukhari 1378]
2 Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah
ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Sa'sa'a al-Ansari from al-Mazini from his father from
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, said, "There is no zakat due on less than five awsaq of
dates, there is no zakat due on less than five awaq of silver and
there is no zakat due on less than five camels."
[cf Bukhari 1390]
3 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Umar ibn 'Abd
al-'Aziz wrote to his governor in Damascus about zakat saying, "Zakat
is paid on the produce of cultivated land, on gold and silver, and on
livestock."
Malik said, "Zakat is only paid on three things: the produce of
cultivated land, gold and silver, and livestock."
17.2 The Zakat on Gold and Silver Coins
4 Yahya related to me from Malik that Muhammad ibn 'Uqba, the mawla of
az-Zubayr, asked al-Qasim ibn Muhammad whether he had to pay any zakat on
a large sum given to him by his slave to buy his freedom. Al-Qasim said, "Abu
Bakr as-Siddiq did not take zakat from anyone's property until it had
been in his possession for a year."
Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad continued, "When Abu Bakr gave men their stipends he
would ask them, 'Do you have any property on which zakat is due?' If they
said, 'Yes,' he would take the zakat on that property out of their
stipends. If they said, 'No,' he would hand over their stipends to them without
deducting anything from them."
5 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Urwa ibn Husayn from 'A'isha bint
Qudama that her father said, "When I used to come to 'Uthman ibn 'Affan to
collect my stipend he would ask me, 'Do you have any property on which zakat
is due?' If I said, 'Yes,' he would deduct the zakat on that property
from my stipend, and if I said, 'No,' he would pay me my stipend (in full)."
6 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar used to
say, "Zakat is not paid on property until a year has elapsed over it."
7 Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said, "The first person to
deduct zakat from stipends was Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan." (i.e. the
deduction being made automatically).
Malik said, "The agreed sunna with us is that zakat has to be
paid on twenty dinars (of gold coin) in the same way as it has to be paid on two
hundred dirhams (of silver)."
Malik said, "There is no zakat to pay on (gold) that is clearly less
than twenty dinars (in weight) but if it increases so that by the increase the
amount reaches a full twenty dinars in weight then zakat has to be paid.
Similarly there is no zakat to pay on (silver) that is clearly less than
two hundred dirhams (in weight), but if it increases so that by the increase the
amount reaches a full two hundred dirhams in weight then zakat has to be
paid. If it passes the full weight, then I think there is zakat to pay
whether it be dinars or dirhams." (i.e. the zakat is assessed by the weight and
not the number of the coins.)
Malik said that a man who had one hundred and sixty dirhams by weight when
the exchange rate in his town was eight dirhams to a dinar, did not have to pay
any zakat. Zakat had only to be paid on twenty dinars of gold or two
hundred dirhams.
Malik said about the case of a man who acquired five dinars from a
transaction, or in some other way, which he then invested in trade, that, as
soon as it increased to a zakatable amount and a year had elapsed since the
original transaction, he had to pay zakat on it, even if the zakatable
amount was reached one day before or one day after the passing of a year. There
was then no zakat to pay on it until a year after the day it reached the
zakatable amount.
Malik said, "What we are agreed upon (here in Madina) regarding income from
hiring out slaves, rent from property, and the instalments received when a slave
buys his freedom, is that no zakat is due on any of it, whether great or
small, from the day the owner takes possession of it until a year has elapsed
over it from the day when the owner takes possession of it."
Malik said, in the case of gold and silver which was shared between two
co-owners, that zakat was due from anyone whose share reached twenty
dinars of gold or two hundred dirhams of silver, and that no zakat was
due from anyone whose share fell short of this zakatable amount. If all the
shares reached the zakatable amount and the shares were not equally divided,
zakat was taken from each man according to the measure of his share. This
applied only when the share of each man among them reached the zakatable amount,
because the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,
"There is no zakat on less than five awaq of silver."
Malik commented, "This is what I prefer most out of what I have heard about
the matter."
Malik said, "When a man has gold and silver dispersed among various people he
must add it all up together and then take out the zakat due on the total
sum."
Malik said, "No zakat is due from someone who acquires gold or silver
until a year has elapsed since the day he acquired it."
17.3 Zakat on Mines
8 Yahya related to me from Malik from Rabi'a ibn Abi 'Abd ar-Rahman from more
than one source that the Messenger of All ar-Rahman from Abu Hurayra that the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, assigned the mines
of al-Qabaliyya, which lie in the direction of al-Fur', to Bilal ibn Harith al-Mazini,
and nothing except zakat has been taken from them up to this day.
[Mursal]
Malik said, "In my opinion, and Allah knows best, nothing is taken from what
comes out of mines until what comes out of them reaches a value of twenty gold
dinars or two hundred silver dirhams. When it reaches that amount there is
zakat to pay on it where it is on the spot. Zakat is levied on anything over
that according to how much of it there is, as long as there continues to be a
supply from the mine. If the vein runs out and then after a while more becomes
obtainable, the new supply is dealt with in the same way as the first, and
payment of zakat on it is begun as it was begun on the original supply."
Malik said, "Mines are dealt with like crops, and the same procedure is
applied to both. Zakat is deducted from what comes out of a mine on the
day it comes out without waiting for a year, just as a tenth is taken from a
crop at the time it is harvested without waiting for a year to elapse over it."
17.4 Zakat on Buried Treasure (Rikaz)
9 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Sa'id
ibn al-Musayyab and from Abu Salama ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman from Abu Hurayra that the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, said, "There
is a tax of a fifth on buried treasure."
[cf Bukhari 1428]
Malik said, "The position which we are agreed upon, and which I have heard
the people of knowledge mentioning, is that rikaz refers to treasure
which has been found which was buried during the Jahiliyya, as long as
neither capital is required, nor expense, great labour or inconvenience incurred
in recovering it. If capital is required or great labour is incurred, or on one
occasion the mark is hit and on another it is missed, then it is not rikaz."
17.5 Non-Zakatable Items of Jewelry, Bits of Gold and Silver, and Amber
10 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim from his
father that 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, used to look after the orphaned daughters of her brother in her house.
They had jewellery (which they wore) and she did not pay zakat on this
jewelry of theirs.
11 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar used to
adorn his daughters and slave-girls with gold jewellery and he did not take any
zakat on their jewellery.
Malik said, "Anyone who has unminted gold or silver, or gold and silver
jewellery which is not used for wearing, must pay zakat on it every year.
It is weighed and one-fortieth is taken unless it falls short of twenty dinars
of gold or two hundred dirhams of silver, in which case there is no zakat
to pay. Zakat is paid only when jewellery is kept for purposes other than
wearing. Bits of gold and silver or broken jewellery which the owner intends to
mend to wear are in the same position as goods which are worn by their owner -
no zakat has to be paid on them by the owner."
Malik said, "There is no zakat (to pay) on pearls, musk or amber."
17.6 Zakat on the Property of Orphans and Trading for Orphans
12 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab
said, "Trade with the property of orphans and then it will not be eaten away by
zakat."
13 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim that his
father said, "'A'isha used to look after me and one of my brothers - we were
orphans - in her house, and she would take the zakat from our property."
14 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'A'isha, the wife of
the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to give the property
of the orphans that were in her house to whoever would use it to trade with on
their behalf.
15 Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Sa'id bought some property
on behalf of his brother's sons who were orphans in his house, and that the
property was sold afterwards for a great deal of profit.
Malik said, "There is no harm in using the property of orphans to trade with
on their behalf if the one in charge of them has permission to do so.
Furthermore, I do not think that he is subject to any liability."
17.7 Zakat on Inheritance
16 Yahya related to me that Malik said, "I consider that if a man dies and he
has not paid zakat on his property then zakat is taken from the
third of his property (from which he can make bequests), and the third is not
exceeded and the zakat is given priority over bequests. In my opinion it
is the same as if he had a debt, which is why I think it should be given
priority over bequests."
Malik continued, "This applies if the deceased has asked for the zakat
to be deducted. If the deceased has not asked for it to be deducted but his
family do so then that is good, but it is not binding upon them if they do not
do it."
Malik continued, "The sunna which we are all agreed upon is that
zakat is not due from someone who inherits a debt (i.e. wealth that was owed
to the deceased), or goods, or a house, or a male or female slave, until a year
has elapsed over the price realised from whatever he sells (i.e. slaves or a
house which are not zakatable) or over the wealth he inherits, from the day he
sold the things or took possession of them."
Malik said, "The sunna with us is that zakat does not have to
be paid on wealth that is inherited until a year has elapsed over it."
17.8 Zakat on Debts
17 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from as-Sa'ib ibn Yazid
that 'Uthman ibn 'Affan used to say, "This is the month for you to pay your
zakat. If you have any debts then pay them off so that you can sort out your
wealth and take the zakat from it."
18 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ayyub ibn Abi Tamima as-Sakhtayani
that 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, wrote an order that some property which one of his
governors had collected unjustly be returned to its owner and that zakat
be taken from it for the years that had passed. Then shortly afterwards he
revised his order with a message that zakat should only taken from it
once since it was not wealth in hand.
19 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yazid ibn Khusayfa that he had asked
Sulayman ibn Yasar whether zakat was due from a man who had wealth in
hand but also owed a debt for the same amount, and he replied, "No."
Malik said, "The position that we are agreed upon concerning a debt is that
the lender of it does not pay zakat on it until he gets it back. Even if
it stays with the borrower for a number of years before the lender collects it,
the lender only has to pay zakat on it once. If he collects an amount of
the debt which is not zakatable, and has other wealth which is zakatable, then
what he has collected of the debt is added to the rest of his wealth and he pays
zakat on the total sum."
Malik continued, "If he has no ready money other than that which he has
collected from his debt, and that does not reach a zakatable amount, then he
does not have to pay any zakat. He must, however, keep a record of the
amount that he has collected and if, later, he collects another amount which,
when added to what he has already collected, brings zakat into effect,
then he has to pay zakat on it."
Malik continued, "Zakat is due on this first amount, together with
what he has further collected of the debt owed to him, regardless of whether or
not he has used up what he first collected. If what he takes back reaches twenty
dinars of gold or two hundred dirhams of silver, he pays zakat on it. He
pays zakat on anything else he takes back after that, whether it be a
large or small amount, according to the amount."
Malik said, "What shows that zakat is only taken once from a debt
which is out of hand for some years before it is recovered is that if goods
remain with a man for trading purposes for some years before he sells them, he
only has to pay zakat on their prices once. This is because the one who
is owed the debt or owns the goods should not have to take the zakat on
the debt or the goods from anything else, since the zakat on anything is
only taken from the thing itself and not from anything else."
Malik said, "Our position regarding someone who owes a debt and has goods
which are worth enough to pay off the debt, and who also has an amount of ready
money which is zakatable, is that he pays zakat on the ready money which
he has to hand. If, however, he only has enough goods and ready money to pay off
the debt, then he does not have to pay any zakat. But if the ready money
that he has reaches a zakatable amount over and above the amount of the debt
that he owes, then he must pay zakat on it."
17.9 Zakat on Merchandise
20 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that Zurayq ibn
Hayyan, who was in charge of Egypt in the time of al-Walid, Sulayman, and 'Umar
ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, mentioned that 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz had written to him
saying, "Assess the Muslims that you come across and take from their apparent
wealth and whatever merchandise is in their charge, one dinar for every forty
dinars, and the same proportion from what is less than that down to twenty
dinars, and if the amount falls short of that by one third of a dinar then leave
it and do not take anything from it. As for the people of the Book that you come
across, take from the merchandise in their charge one dinar for every twenty
dinars and the same proportion from what is less than that down to ten dinars,
and if the amount falls short by one third of a dinar, leave it and do not take
anything from it. Give them a receipt for what you have taken from them until
the same time next year."
Malik said, "The position among us (in Madina) concerning goods with a
constant turnover is that if a man pays zakat on his wealth and then buys
goods with it, whether cloth, slaves or something similar, and then sells them
before a year has elapsed over them, he does not pay zakat on that wealth
until a year elapses over it from the day he paid zakat on it. He does
not have to pay zakat on any of the goods if he does not sell them for
some years, and even if he keeps them for a very long time he still only has to
pay zakat on them once when he sells them."
Malik said, "The position among us concerning a man who uses gold or silver
to buy wheat, dates, or whatever, for trading purposes and keeps that until a
year has elapsed over it and then sells it, is that he only has to pay zakat
on it at the time when he sells it, if the price reaches a zakatable amount.
This is therefore not the same as the harvest crops that a man reaps from his
land, or the dates that he harvests from his palms."
Malik said, "A man who has wealth which he invests in trade, but which does
not realise a zakatable profit for him, fixes a month in the year when he takes
stock of what goods he has for trading, and counts the gold and silver that he
has in ready money, and if all of it comes to a zakatable amount he then pays
zakat on it."
Malik said, "The position is the same for Muslims who trade and Muslims who
do not. They only have to pay zakat once in any one year, whether they
trade in that year or not."
17.10 Wealth which has been Hidden Away (Kanz)
21 Yahya related to me from Malik that 'Abdullah ibn Dinar said, "I heard
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar being asked what kanz was and he said, 'It is wealth
on which zakat has not been paid.' "
22 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abdullah ibn Dinar from Abu's-Salih
as-Samman that Abu Hurayra used to say, "Anyone who has wealth on which he has
not paid zakat will, on the Day of Rising, find that his wealth will take
the form of a white-headed serpent with two black spots over its eyes which will
seek him out until it has him in its power, saying, 'I am the wealth that you
had hidden away.'"
17.11 Zakat on Livestock
23 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had read what 'Umar ibn al-Khattab
had written about zakat, and in it he found:
In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate
The Book of Zakat
On twenty-four camels or less zakat is paid in sheep, one ewe for
every five camels.
On anything above that, up to thirty-five camels, a she-camel in its second
year, and, if there is no she-camel in its second year, a male camel in its
third year.
On anything above that, up to forty-five camels, a she-camel in its third
year.
On anything above that, up to sixty camels, a she-camel in its fourth year
that is ready to be sired.
On anything above that, up to seventy-five camels, a she-camel in its fifth
year.
On anything above that, up to ninety camels, two she-camels in their third
year.
On anything above that, up to one hundred and twenty camels, two she-camels
in their fourth year that are ready to be sired.
On any number of camels above that, for every forty camels, a she-camel in
its third year, and for every fifty, a she-camel in its fourth year.
On grazing sheep and goats, if they come to forty or more, up to one hundred
and twenty head, one ewe.
On anything above that, up to two hundred head, two ewes.
On anything above that, up to three hundred, three ewes.
On anything above that, for every hundred, one ewe.
A ram should not be taken for zakat, nor an old or injured ewe, except
as the zakat-collector thinks fit.
Those separated should not be gathered together nor should those gathered
together be separated in order to avoid paying zakat.
Whatever belongs to two associates is settled between them proportionately.
On silver, if it reaches five awaq (two hundred dirhams), one fortieth
is paid."
[In Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi]
17.12 Zakat on Cattle
24 Yahya related to me from Malik from Humayd ibn Qays al-Makki from Tawus
al-Yamani that from thirty cows, Mu'adh ibn Jabal took one cow in its second
year, and from forty cows, one cow in its third or fourth year, and when less
than that (i.e. thirty cows) was brought to him he refused to take anything from
it. He said, "I have not heard anything about it from the Messenger of Allah,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace. When I meet him, I will ask him." But
the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died before
Mu'adh ibn Jabal returned.
Yahya said that Malik said, "The best that I have heard about someone who has
sheep or goats with two or more shepherds in different places is that they are
added together and the owner then pays the zakat on them. This is the
same situation as a man who has gold and silver scattered in the hands of
various people. He must add it all up and pay whatever zakat there is to
pay on the sum total."
Yahya said that Malik spoke about a man who had both sheep and goats, saying
that they were added up together for the zakat to be assessed, and if
between them they came to a number on which zakat was due, he paid
zakat on them. Malik added, "They are all considered as a single category as
'sheep', and in 'Umar al-Khattab's letter it says, 'On grazing sheep and goats,
if they come to forty or more, one ewe.'"
Malik said, "If there are more sheep than goats and their owner only has to
pay one ewe, the zakat collector takes the ewe from the sheep. If there
are more goats than sheep, he takes it from the goats. If there is an equal
number of sheep and goats, he takes the ewe from whichever kind he wishes."
Yahya said that Malik said, "Similarly, Dromedary and Bactrian camels are
added up together in order to assess the zakat that the owner has to pay.
They are all considered as camels. If there are more Dromedaries than Bactrians
and the owner only has to pay one camel, the zakat collector takes it
from the Dromedaries. If, however, there are more Bactrian camels he takes it
from those. If there is an equal number of both, he takes the camel from
whichever kind he wishes."
Malik said, "Similarly, cows and water buffalo are added up together and are
all considered as cattle. If there are more cows than water buffalo and the
owner only has to pay one cow, the zakat collector takes it from the
cows. If there are more water buffalo, he takes it from them. If there is an
equal number of both, he takes the cow from whichever kind he wishes. So if
zakat is necessary, it is assessed taking both kinds as one group."
Yahya said that Malik said, "No zakat is due from anyone who comes
into possession of livestock, whether camels or cattle or sheep and goats, until
a year has elapsed over them from the day he acquired them, unless he already
has in his possession a zakatable number of livestock (i.e. five camels, or
thirty cattle, or forty sheep and goats). If he already has five camels, or
thirty cattle, or forty sheep and goats, and he then acquires additional camels,
or cattle, or sheep and goats, either by trade, or gift, or inheritance, he must
pay zakat on them when he pays zakat on the livestock he already
has, even if a year has not elapsed over the acquisition. And even if the
additional livestock that he acquires has had zakat taken from it the day
before he bought it or the day before he inherited it, he must still pay
zakat on it when he pays zakat on the livestock he already has."
Yahya said that Malik said, "This is the same situation as someone who has
some silver on which he pays zakat and then uses to buy some goods with
from somebody else. He then has to pay zakat on those goods when he sells
them. It could be that one man will have to pay zakat on them one day,
and by the following day the other man will also have to pay."
Malik said about the case of a man who had sheep and goats which did not
reach the zakatable amount and who then bought or inherited an additional number
of sheep and goats well above the zakatable amount, that he did not have to pay
zakat on all his sheep and goats until a year had elapsed over them from
the day he acquired the new animals, whether he bought them or inherited them.
This was because none of the livestock that a man had, whether it be camels, or
cattle, or sheep and goats, was counted as a zakatable amount (nisab)
until there was enough of any one kind for him to have to pay zakat on
it. This was the nisab which was used for assessing the zakat on
what the owner had additionally acquired, whether it were a large or small
amount of livestock.
Malik said, "If a man has enough camels, or cattle, or sheep and goats, for
him to have to pay zakat on each kind, and then he acquires another
camel, or cow, or sheep, or goat, it must be included with the rest of his
animals when he pays zakat on them."
Yahya said that Malik said, "This is what I like most out of what I heard
about the matter."
Malik said about the case of a man who does not have the animal required of
him for the zakat, "If it is a two-year-old she-camel that he does not
have, a three-year-old male camel is taken instead. If it is a three or four or
five-year-old she-camel that he does not have, then he must buy the required
animal so that he gives the collector what is due. I do not like it if the owner
gives the collector the equivalent value."
Malik said about camels used for carrying water and cattle used for working
water-wheels or ploughing, "I think that zakat is paid on all such
animals when zakat is due on them."
17.13 Zakat of Associates
25 Yahya said that Malik said concerning two associates, "If they share the
same herdsman, one male animal, the same pasture and the same watering-place,
then the two men are associates as long as each one of them can distinguish his
own property from that of his companion. If someone cannot tell his property
apart from that of his fellow, he is not an associate but a co-owner."
Malik said, "It is not obligatory for both associates to pay zakat
unless both of them have a zakatable amount (of livestock). If, for instance,
one of the associates has forty or more sheep and goats and the other has less
than forty sheep and goats, then the one who has forty has to pay zakat
and the one who has less does not. If both of them have a zakatable amount (of
livestock) then both of them are assessed together (i.e. the flock is assessed
as one) and both of them have to pay zakat. If one of them has a thousand
sheep, or less, that he has to pay zakat on, and the other has forty, or
more, then they are associates, and each one pays his contribution according to
the number of animals he has - so much from the one with a thousand, and so much
from the one with forty."
Malik said, "Two associates in camels are the same as two associates in sheep
and goats, and, for the purposes of zakat, they are assessed together if
each one of them has a zakatable amount (of camels). That is because the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'There is no
zakat on less than five head of camels,' and 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said,
'On grazing sheep and goats, if they come to forty or more - one ewe.'"
Yahya said that Malik said, "This is what I like most out of what I have
heard about the matter."
Malik said that when 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "Animals which are separated
should not be gathered together nor should those gathered together be separated
in order to avoid paying zakat," what he meant was the owners of
livestock.
Malik said, "What he meant when he said, 'Animals which are separated should
not be gathered together' is, for instance, that there is a group of three men,
each of whom has forty sheep and goats, and each of whom thus has to pay
zakat. Then, when the zakat collector is on his way, they gather
their flocks together so that they only owe one ewe between them. They are
forbidden to do that.
"What he meant when he said, 'nor should those gathered together be
separated,' is, for instance, that there are two associates, each one of whom
has a hundred and one sheep and goats, and each of whom must therefore pay three
ewes. Then, when the zakat collector is on his way, they split up their
flocks so that they only have to pay one ewe each. They are forbidden to do
that. And thus it is said, 'Animals which are separated should not be gathered
together nor should those gathered together be separated in order to avoid
paying zakat.'"
Malik said, "This is what I have heard about the matter."
17.14 Counting Lambs and Kids when Assessing Zakat
26 Yahya related to me from Malik from Thawr ibn Zayd ad-Dili from a son of
'Abdullah ibn Sufyan ath-Thaqafi from his grandfather Sufyan ibn 'Abdullah that
'Umar ibn al-Khattab once sent him to collect zakat. He used to include
sakhlas (when assessing zakat), and they said, "Do you include
sakhlas even though you do not take them (as payment)?" He returned to 'Umar
ibn al-Khattab and mentioned that to him and 'Umar said, "Yes, you include a
sakhla which the shepherd is carrying, but you do not take it. Neither do
you take an akula, or a rubba, or a makhid, or rams. You
take goats in their second and third years, and this is a just compromise
between the young of sheep and goats and the best of them."
Malik said, "A sakhla is a new-born lamb or kid. A rubba is a
mother that is looking after her offspring, a makhid is a pregnant ewe or
goat, and an akula is a sheep or goat that is being fattened for meat."
Malik said about a man who had sheep and goats on which he did not have to
pay any zakat, but which increased by birth to a zakatable amount on the
day before the zakat collector came to them, "If the number of sheep and
goats along with their (new-born) offspring reaches a zakatable amount then the
man has to pay zakat on them. That is because the offspring of the sheep
are part of the flock itself. It is not the same situation as when someone
acquires sheep by buying them, or is given them, or inherits them. Rather, it is
like when merchandise whose value does not come to a zakatable amount is sold,
and with the profit that accrues it then comes to a zakatable amount. The owner
must then pay zakat on both his profit and his original capital, taken
together. If his profit had been a chance acquisition or an inheritance he would
not have had to pay zakat on it until one year had elapsed over it from
the day he had acquired it or inherited it."
Malik said, "The young of sheep and goats are part of the flock in the same
way that profit from wealth is part of that wealth. There is, however, one
difference, in that when a man has a zakatable amount of gold and silver and
then acquires an additional amount of wealth, he leaves aside the wealth he has
acquired and does not pay zakat on it when he pays the zakat on
his original wealth but waits until a year has elapsed over what he has acquired
from the day he acquired it. Whereas a man who has a zakatable amount of sheep
and goats, or cattle, or camels, and then acquires another camel, cow, sheep or
goat, pays zakat on it at the same time that he pays the zakat on
the others of its kind, if he already has a zakatable amount of livestock of
that particular kind."
Malik said, "This is the best of what I have heard about this."
17.15 Zakat when Two Years are Assessed Together
27 Yahya said that Malik said, "The position with us concerning a man who has
zakat to pay on one hundred camels but then the zakat collector
does not come to him until zakat is due for a second time and by that
time all his camels have died except five, is that the zakat collector
assesses the two amounts of zakat that are due from the owner of the
animals from the five camels, which in this case is only two sheep, one for each
year. This is because the only zakat which an owner of livestock has to
pay is what is due from him on the day that the zakat is (actually)
assessed. His livestock may have died or it may have increased, and the zakat
collector only assesses the zakat on what he (actually) finds in his
possession, and if his livestock has died, or several payments of zakat
are due from him and nothing is taken until all his livestock has died, or has
been reduced to an amount below that on which he has to pay zakat, then
he does not have to pay any zakat, and there is no liability (on him) for
what has died or for the years that have passed.
17.16 Making Things Easy for People when taking Zakat
28 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from Muhammad ibn
Yahya ibn Habban from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad that 'A'isha, the wife of the
Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Sheep from the zakat
were brought past 'Umar ibn al-Khattab and he saw amongst them a sheep with a
large udder, ready to give milk, and he asked, 'What is this sheep doing here?'
and they replied, 'It is one of the sheep from the zakat.' 'Umar said,
'The owners did not give this sheep willingly. Do not subject people to trials.
Do not take from the Muslims those of their animals which are the best
food-producers.'"
29 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that Muhammad ibn
Yahya ibn Habban said, "Two men from the Ashja tribe told me that Muhammad ibn
Maslama al-Ansari used to come to them to collect their zakat, and he
would say to anyone who owned livestock, 'Select (the animal for) the zakat
due on your livestock and bring it to me,' and he would accept any sheep that
was brought to him provided it met the requirements of what the man owed."
Malik said, "The sunna with us, and what I have seen the people of
knowledge doing in our city, is that things are not made difficult for the
Muslims in their paying zakat, and whatever they offer of their livestock
is accepted from them."
17.17 Receiving Zakat, and Who is Permitted to Receive it
30 Yahya related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam from 'Ata' ibn Yasar that the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Zakat
is not permissible for someone who is not in need except in five cases: someone
fighting in the way of Allah, someone who collects zakat, someone in
debt, someone who buys it with his own money, and someone who has a poor
neighbour who receives some zakat and gives some as a present to the one
who is not in need."
[Mursal, in Abu Dawud]
Malik said, "The position with us concerning the dividing up of zakat
is that it is up to the individual judgement of the man in charge (wali).
Whichever categories of people are in most need and are most numerous are given
preference, according to how the man in charge sees fit. It is possible that it
may change after one year, or two, or more, but it is always those who are in
need and are most numerous that are given preference, whatever category they may
belong to. This is what I have seen done by people of knowledge with whom I am
satisfied."
Malik said, "There is no fixed share for the collector of the zakat,
except according to what the ruler sees fit."
17.18 Collecting Zakat and being Firm in Doing so
31 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that
Abu Bakr as-Siddiq said, "If they withhold even a hobbling cord I will fight
them over it."
[cf Bukhari 1335]
32 Yahya related to me from Malik that Zayd ibn Aslam said, "'Umar ibn
al-Khattab drank some milk which he liked (very much) and he asked the man who
had given it to him, 'Where did this milk come from?' The man told him that he
had come to a watering-place, which he named, and had found grazing livestock
from the zakat watering there. He was given some of their milk, which he
then put into his water-skin, and that was the milk in question. 'Umar ibn
al-Khattab then put his hand into his mouth to make himself vomit."
Malik said, "The position with us is that if anyone refuses to honour one of
the obligatory demands of Allah, and the Muslims are unable to get it, then they
have the right to fight him until they get it from him."
33 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that one of the
administrators of 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz wrote to him mentioning that a man had
refused to pay zakat on his property. 'Umar wrote to the administrator
and told him to leave the man alone and not to take any zakat from him
when he took it from the other Muslims. The man heard about this and the
situation became unbearable for him, and after that he paid the zakat on
his property. The administrator wrote to 'Umar and mentioned that to him, and
'Umar wrote back telling him to take the zakat from him.
17.19 Zakat on Estimated Yields of Date-palms and Vines
34 Yahya related to me from Malik from a reliable source
from Sulayman ibn Yasar and from Busr ibn Sa'id that the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There is a tenth ('ushr) due on land
that is watered by rain or springs or any natural means. There is half of an 'ushr
(a twentieth) on irrigated land."
[cf Bukhari 1412]
35 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ziyad ibn Sa'd that Ibn Shihab said,
"Neither ju'rur, nor musran al-fara, nor 'adhq ibn hubayq*
should be taken as zakat from dates. They should be included in the
assessment but not taken as zakat."
* Ju'rur is a type of date which becomes inferior when dried.
Musran al-fara is an type of bad dates. 'Adhq ibn hubayq is a date
which is of very poor quality.
Malik said, "This is the same as with sheep and goats, whose young are
included in the assessment but are not (actually) taken as zakat. There
are also certain kinds of fruit which are not taken as zakat, such as
burdi dates (one of the finest kinds of dates), and similar varieties.
"Neither the lowest quality (of any property) nor the highest should be
taken. Rather, zakat should be taken from average quality property."
Malik said, "The position that we are agreed upon concerning fruit is that
only dates and grapes are estimated while still on the trees. They are estimated
when their usability is clear and they are halal to sell. This is because the
fruit of date-palms and vines is eaten straightaway in the form of fresh dates
and grapes, and so the assessment is done by estimation to make things easier
for people and to avoid causing them trouble. Their produce is estimated and
then they are given a free hand in using their produce as they wish, and later
they pay the zakat on it according to the estimation that was made."
Malik said, "Crops which are not eaten fresh, such as grains and seeds, which
are only eaten after they have been harvested, are not estimated. The owner,
after he has harvested, threshed and sifted the crop, so that it is then in the
form of grain or seed, has to fulfil his trust himself and deduct the zakat
he owes if the amount is large enough for him to have to pay zakat. This
is the position about which there is no disagreement here (in Madina)."
Malik said, "The position that we are all agreed upon here (in Madina) is
that the produce of date-palms is estimated while it is still on the trees,
after it has ripened and become halal to sell, and the zakat on it
is deducted in the form of dried dates at the time of harvest. If the fruit is
damaged after it has been estimated and the damage affects all the fruit then no
zakat has to be paid. If some of the fruit remains unaffected, and this
fruit amounts to five awsaq or more using the sa' of the Prophet,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, then zakat is deducted from it.
Zakat does not have to be paid, however, on the fruit that was damaged.
Grape-vines are dealt with in the same way.
"If a man owns various pieces of property in various places, or is a co-owner
of various pieces of property in various places, none of which individually
comes to a zakatable amount, but which, when added together, do come to a
zakatable amount, then he adds them together and pays the zakat that is
due on them."
17.20 Zakat on Seeds and Olives
36 Yahya related to me from Malik that he asked Ibn Shihab about olives and
he said, "There is a tenth due on them."
Malik said, "The tenth that is taken from olives is taken after they have
been pressed, and the olives must reach a minimum amount of five awsaq.
If there are less than five awsaq of olives, no zakat has to be
paid. Olive trees are like date-palms in so far as there is a tenth on whatever
is watered by rain or springs or any natural means, and a twentieth on whatever
is irrigated. Olives, however, are not estimated while still on the trees.
"The sunna with us concerning grain and seeds which people store and
eat is that a tenth is taken from whatever has been watered by rain or springs
or any natural means, and a twentieth from whatever has been irrigated, that is,
as long as the amount comes to five awsaq or more using the
aforementioned sa', that is, the sa' of the Prophet, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace. Zakat must be paid on anything above five
awsaq according to the amount involved."
Malik said, "The categories of grain and seeds which are subject to zakat
are: wheat, barley, sult (a kind of barley), sorghum, pearl millet, rice,
lentils, peas, beans, sesame seeds and other such grains and seeds which are
used for food. Zakat is taken from them after they have been harvested
and are in the form of grain or seed."
He said, "People are entrusted with the assessment and whatever they hand
over is accepted."
Malik was asked whether the tenth or the twentieth was taken out of olives
before they were sold or after and he said, "The sale is not taken into
consideration. It is the people who produce the olives that are asked about the
olives, just as it is the people who produce foodstuffs that are asked about it,
and zakat is taken from them on the basis of what they say. Someone who
gets five awsaq or more of olives from his olive trees has a tenth taken
from the oil after pressing. Whereas someone who does not get five awsaq
from his trees does not have to pay any zakat on the oil."
Malik said, "Someone who sells his crops when they are ripe and are ready in
the husk has to pay zakat on them but the one who buys them does not. The
sale of crops is not valid until they are ready in the husk and no longer need
water."
Malik said, concerning the words of Allah the Exalted, "pay their due on
the day of their harvest," (6:141), that it referred to zakat, and
that he had heard people saying that.
Malik said, "If someone sells his garden or his land, on which are crops or
fruit which have not yet ripened, then it is the buyer who has to pay the
zakat. If, however, they have ripened, it is the seller who has to pay the
zakat, unless paying the zakat is one of the conditions of the
sale."
17.21 Non-Zakatable Fruits
37 Malik said, "If a man has four awsaq of dates he has harvested,
four awsaq of grapes he has picked, or four awsaq of wheat he has
reaped or four awsaq of pulses he has harvested, the different categories
are not added together, and he does not have to pay zakat on any of the
categories - the dates, the grapes, the wheat or the pulses - until any one of
them comes to five awsaq using the sa' of the Prophet, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, as the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, said, 'There is no zakat (to pay) on anything less
than five awsaq of dates.'
"If any of the categories comes to five awsaq, then zakat must
be paid. If none of the categories comes to five awsaq, then there is no
zakat to pay. The explanation of this is that when a man harvests five
awsaq of dates (from his palms), he adds them all together and deducts the
zakat from them even if they are all of different kinds and varieties. It
is the same with different kinds of cereal, such as brown wheat, white wheat,
barley and sult, which are all considered as one category. If a man reaps five
awsaq of any of these, he adds it all together and pays zakat on
it. If it does not come to that amount he does not have to pay any zakat.
It is the same (also) with grapes, whether they be black or red. If a man picks
five awsaq of them he has to pay zakat on them, but if they do not
come to that amount he does not have to pay any zakat. Pulses also are
considered as one category in the same way as cereals, dates and grapes, even if
they are of different varieties and are called by different names. Pulses
include chick-peas, lentils, beans, peas, and anything which is agreed by
everybody to be a pulse. If a man harvests five awsaq of pulses,
measuring by the aforementioned sa', the sa' of the Prophet, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, he collects them all together and must pay
zakat on them, even if they are from all kinds of pulse and not just one
kind."
Malik said, "'Umar ibn al-Khattab drew a distinction between pulses and wheat
in what he took from the Nabatean Christians. He considered all pulses to be one
category and took a tenth from them, and from cereals and raisins he took a
twentieth."
Malik said, "If someone asks, 'How can pulses be added up all together when
assessing the zakat so that there is just one payment, when a man can
barter two of one kind for one of another, while cereals can not be bartered at
a rate of two to one?', then tell him, 'Gold and silver are collected together
when assessing the zakat, even though an amount of gold dinars can be
exchanged hand to hand for many times that amount of silver dirhams.'"
Malik said regarding date-palms which are shared equally between two men, and
from which eight awsaq of dates are harvested, "They do not have to pay
any zakat on them. If one man owns five awsaq of what is harvested
from the one piece of land, and the other owns four awsaq or less, the
one who owns the five awsaq has to pay zakat, and the other one,
who harvested four awsaq or less, does not have to pay zakat. This
is how things are done whenever there are associates in any crop, whether the
crop is grain or seeds that are reaped, or dates that are harvested, or grapes
that are picked. Any one of them that harvests five awsaq of dates, or
picks five awsaq of grapes, or reaps five awsaq of wheat, has to
pay zakat, and whoever's portion is less than five awsaq does not
have to pay zakat. Zakat only has to be paid by someone whose
harvesting or picking or reaping comes to five awsaq."
Malik said, "The sunna with us regarding anything from any of these
categories, i.e. wheat, dates, grapes and any kind of grain or seed, which has
had the zakat deducted from it and is then stored by its owner for a
number of years after he has paid the zakat on it until he sells it, is
that he does not have to pay any zakat on the price he sells it for until
a year has elapsed over it from the day he made the sale, as long as he got it
through (chance) acquisition or some other means and it was not intended for
trading. Cereals, seeds and trade-goods are the same, in that if a man acquires
some and keeps them for a number of years and then sells them for gold or
silver, he does not have to pay zakat on their price until a year has
elapsed over it from the day of sale. If, however, the goods were intended for
trade then the owner must pay zakat on them when he sells them, as long
as he has had them for a year from the day when he paid zakat on the
property with which he bought them."
17.22 Non-Zakatable Fruits, Animal Fodder and Vegetables
Malik said, "The sunna that we are all agreed upon here (in Madina)
and which I have heard from the people of knowledge, is that there is no
zakat on any kind of fresh (soft) fruit, whether it be pomegranates,
peaches, figs or anything that is like them or not like them as long as it is
fruit."
He continued, "No zakat has to be paid on animal fodder or herbs and
vegetables of any kind, and there is no zakat to pay on the price
realised on their sale until a year has elapsed over it from the day of sale
when the seller receives the sum, as long as it reaches the nisab."
17.23 Zakat on Slaves, Horses and Honey
38 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abdullah ibom
Sulayman ibn Yasar from 'Irak ibn Malik from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A Muslim does not have to
pay any zakat on his slave or his horse."
[cf Bukhari 1394]
39 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Sulayman ibn Yasar
that the people of Syria said to Abu 'Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, "Take zakat
from our horses and slaves," and he refused. Then he wrote to 'Umar ibn
al-Khattab and he (also) refused. Again they talked to him and again he wrote to
'Umar, and 'Umar wrote back to him saying, "If they want, take it from them and
(then) give it back to them and give their slaves provision."
Malik said, "What he means, may Allah have mercy upon him, by the words 'and
give it back to them' is 'to their poor'."
40 Yahya related to me from Malik that 'Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn 'Amr ibn
Hazim said, "A message came from 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz to my father when he
was in Mina telling him not to take zakat from either honey or horses."
41 Yahya related to me from Malik that 'Abdullah ibn Dinar said, "I asked
Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab about zakat on work-horses, and he said, 'Is there
any zakat on horses?'"
17.24 Jizya on People of the Book and Magians
42 Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said, "I
have heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
took jizya from the Magians of Bahrain, that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab took it
from the Magians of Persia and that 'Uthman ibn 'Affan took it from the
Berbers."
[In al-Bukhari]
43 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn 'Ali from his
father that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab mentioned the Magians and said, "I do not know
what to do about them." 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf said, "I bear witness that I
heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say,
'Follow the same sunna with them as you follow with the People of the
Book.'"
[At-Tirmidhi]
44 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from Aslam, the mawla of 'Umar
ibn al-Khattab, that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab imposed a jizya tax of four
dinars on those living where gold was the currency, and forty dirhams on those
living where silver was the currency. In addition, they had to provide for the
Muslims and receive them as guests for three days.
45 Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from his father that he
said to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, "There is a blind she-camel behind the house," so
'Umar said, "Hand it over to a household so that they can make (some) use of
it." He said, "But she is blind." 'Umar replied, "Then put it in a line with
other camels." He said, "How will it be able to eat from the ground?" 'Umar
asked, "Is it from the livestock of the jizya or the zakat?" and
Aslam replied, "From the livestock of the jizya." 'Umar said, "By Allah,
you wish to eat it." Aslam said, "It has the brand of the jizya on it."
So 'Umar ordered it to be slaughtered. He had nine platters, and on each of the
platters he put some of every fruit and delicacy that was available and then
sent them to the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
and the one he sent to his daughter Hafsa was the last of them all, and if there
was any deficiency in any of them it was in Hafsa's portion.
"He put meat from the slaughtered animal on the platters and sent them to the
wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he ordered
what was left of the meat of the slaughtered animal to be prepared. Then he
invited the Muhajirun and the Ansar to eat it."
Malik said, "I do not think that livestock should be taken from people who
pay the jizya other than what is included in their jizya."
46 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Umar ibn 'Abd
al-'Aziz wrote to his governors telling them to relieve any people who paid the
jizya from paying the jizya if they became Muslims.
Malik said, "The past sunna is that there is no jizya due from
women or children of People of the Book, and that jizya is only taken
from men who have reached puberty. The people of dhimma and the Magians
do not have to pay any zakat on their palms or their vines or their crops
or their livestock. This is because zakat is imposed on the Muslims to
purify them and to be given back to their poor, whereas jizya is imposed
on the People of the Book to humble them. As long as they are in the country
they have agreed to live in, they do not have to pay anything on their property
except the jizya. If, however, they trade in Muslim countries, coming and
going in them, a tenth is taken from what they invest in such trade. This is
because jizya is only imposed on them according to conditions which they
have agreed on, namely that they will remain in their own countries, and that
war will be waged for them on any enemy of theirs, and that if they then leave
that land to go anywhere else to do business they will have to pay a tenth.
Whoever among them does business with the people of Egypt, and then goes to
Syria to do business with the people of Syria and then goes to Iraq to do
business with them and then goes on to Madina, or Yemen, or other similar
places, has to pay a tenth.
"People of the Book and Magians do not have to pay any zakat on any of
their property, livestock, produce or crops. That is still the sunna.
They remain in the deen they were in, and they continue to do what they
used to do. If in any one year they frequently come and go in Muslim countries
then they have to pay a tenth every time they do so, since that is outside what
they have agreed upon and not one of the conditions stipulated for them. This is
what I have seen the people of knowledge of our city doing."
17.25 The 'Ushr for the People of Dhimma
47 Yahya related to me from Ibn Shihab from Salim ibn 'Abdullah from his
father that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab used to take a twentieth from the cereals and
olive oil of the Nabatean Christians, intending by that to increase the supply
to Madina. He would take a tenth from pulses.
48 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that as-Sa'ib ibn Yazid
said, "As a young man I used to work with 'Abdullah ibn 'Utba ibn Mas'ud in the
market of Madina in the time of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab and we used to take a tenth
from the Nabateans."
49 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had asked Ibn Shihab why 'Umar ibn
al-Khattab used to take a tenth from the Nabateans, and Ibn Shihab replied, "It
used to be taken from them in the Jahiliyya, and 'Umar imposed it on
them."
17.26 Selling Sadaqa and Taking it Back
50 Yahya related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam that his father
said that he had heard 'Umar ibn al-Khattab say, "I once gave someone a noble
horse to carry him in the way of Allah, and the man neglected it. I wished to
buy it back from him and I thought that he would sell it cheaply. I asked the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about it and he
said, 'Do not buy it, even if he gives it to you for one dirham, for someone who
takes back his sadaqa is like a dog swallowing its own vomit.'"
[cf Bukhari 1419]
51 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from 'Abdullah
ibn 'Umar that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab gave a horse to carry someone in the way of
Allah, and then he wished to buy it back. So he asked the Messenger of Allah,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about it, and he said, "Do not buy or
take back your sadaqa."
[cf Bukhari 1418]
Yahya said that Malik was asked about whether a man who gave some sadaqa,
and then found it being offered back to him for sale by someone other than the
man to whom he had given it, could buy it or not, and he said, "I would prefer
that he leave it."
17.27 Who Pays the Zakat al-Fitr
52 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar used to
pay the Zakat al-Fitr for those slaves of his that were at Wadi'l-Qura
and Khaybar.
Yahya related to me that Malik said, "The best that I have heard about the
Zakat al-Fitr is that a man has to pay for every person that he is
responsible for supporting and whom he must support. He has to pay for all his
mukatab slaves, his mudabbar slaves, and his ordinary slaves,
whether they are present or absent, as long as they are Muslim, and whether or
not they are for trade. However, he does not have to pay zakat on any of
them that are not Muslim."
Malik said, concerning a runaway slave, "I think that his master should pay
the zakat for him, whether or not he knows where he is, if it has not
been long since the slave ran away and his master hopes that he is still alive
and will return. If it has been a long time since he ran away and his master has
despaired of him returning, then I do not think that he should pay zakat
for him."
Malik said, "The Zakat al-Fitr has to be paid by people living in the
desert (i.e. nomadic people) just as it has to be paid by people living in
villages (i.e. settled people), because the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, made the Zakat al-Fitr at the end of Ramadan
obligatory on every Muslim, whether freeman or slave, male or female."
17.28 Measuring the Zakat al-Fitr
53 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from 'Abdullah
ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
made the zakat of breaking the fast at the end of Ramadan obligatory on
every Muslim, whether freeman or slave, male or female, and stipulated it as a
sa' of dates or a sa' of barley.
[cf Bukhari 1432]
54 Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from
'Iyad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh al-'Amiri that he had heard Abu Sa'id
al-Khudri say, "We used to pay the Zakat al-Fitr with a sa' of
wheat, or a sa' of barley, or a sa' of dates, or a sa' of
dried sour milk, or a sa' of raisins, using the sa' of the
Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace."
[cf Bukhari 1435]
55 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah
ibn 'Umar would always pay the Zakat al-Fitr in dates, except once, when
he paid it in barley.
[cf Bukhari 1440]
Malik said, "Payment of all types of kaffara (expiation), of Zakat
al-Fitr and of the zakat on grains for which a tenth or a twentieth
is due, is made using the smaller mudd, which is the mudd of the
Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, except in the case of
dhihar divorce, when the kaffara is paid using the mudd of
Hisham, which is the larger mudd."
17.29 When to Send the Zakat al-Fitr
56 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar used to
send the Zakat al-Fitr to the one with whom it was collected together two
or three days before the day of breaking the fast.
57 Yahya related to me that Malik had seen that the people of knowledge used
to like to pay the Zakat al-Fitr after dawn had broken on the day of the
Fitr before they went to the place of prayer.
Malik said, "There is leeway in this, if Allah wills, in that it can be paid
either before setting out (for the prayer) on the day of Fitr or
afterwards."
17.30 People who are not obliged to pay the Zakat al-Fitr
58 Yahya related to me that Malik said, "A man does not have to pay zakat
for the slaves of his slaves, or for someone employed by him, or for his wife's
slaves, except for anyone who serves him and whose services are indispensable to
him, in which case he must pay zakat. He does not have to pay zakat
for any of his slaves that are unbelievers and have not become Muslim, whether
they be for trade or otherwise."
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When you Recite Holy Quran or Learn Quran with proper understanding, it helps you in understanding the complexities of world and daily life. It helps you in making your life simpler to understand and easier to cope with. Recitation of Quran gives your strength and knowledge to deal with different patterns of life. Reading Quran or Recitation of Quran doesn’t even gives you mental peace and calmness but if you recite it with complete understanding of what each verse is saying to you, you would find those verses a complete guideline for you to deal with your daily life problems and confusions. Prophet Muhammad said, so join the true path of knowledge and learn holy quran to bring purity to your life. And see quran blog more quranic article
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