Islam Question and Answer - Can ahaad hadeeths be accepted with regard to ‘aqeedah?

 

Can ahaad hadeeths be accepted with regard to ‘aqeedah?

I heard someone say that ‘aqeedah cannot be proven by means of ahaad hadeeths, because they are based on probability and not based on certainty. What is your response to that?.

 

Praise be to Allaah.

Our response to the one who thinks that ‘aqeedah cannot be
proven on the basis of ahaad hadeeths because they are based on
probability or speculation and ‘aqeedah cannot be based on speculations
is: This opinion is not correct, because it is based on something that is
not correct. That is for a number of reasons: 

1.    
The idea that ahaad hadeeths
are based on probability or speculation does not apply in all cases; there
are some ahaad hadeeths that are based on certainty if there is corroborated
evidence to confirm them, such as if the ummah accepted them. An example is
the hadeeth of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab (may Allah be pleased with him),
“Actions are but by intentions…” It is an ahaad hadeeth, but despite that we
know that the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said it.
This is what was confirmed by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah, al-Haafiz ibn
Hajar and others.

2.    
The Prophet (blessings and
peace of Allah be upon him) used to send individuals with basic teachings of
‘aqeedah - testimony that there is no God but Allah and that Muhammad is the
Messenger of Allah - and the fact that he sent them is binding proof. For
example, he sent Mu‘aadh to Yemen, and the fact that he sent him is regarded
as binding proof for the people of Yemen that they were obliged to accept
him.

3.    
If we say that matters of
‘aqeedah cannot be proven on the basis of ahaad reports, then it is possible
to say that practical rulings cannot be proven on the basis of ahaad
reports, because practical rulings are accompanied by the belief that Allah
enjoined this and forbade that. If this opinion is accepted, then many of
the rulings of sharee‘ah would be rendered invalid. If this idea is rejected
then the idea that ‘aqeedah cannot be proven on the basis of ahaad reports
should also be rejected, because there is no difference between the two, as
we have explained.

To sum up: If an ahaad report is supported by corroborating
evidence which indicates that this is true, then it becomes part of
knowledge and rulings of practice and belief may be established. There is
nothing to indicate that there should be any differentiation between the
two. Any person who suggests that any of the imams differentiated between
them has to prove that with a sound chain of narration from that imam, then
he has to explain his evidence.

4.    
Allah, may He be exalted, has
enjoined referring to the people of knowledge for the one who is unaware of
what is one of the most important issues of ‘aqeedah, which is Prophethood.
Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And We sent not (as Our Messengers) before you (O
Muhammad) any but men, whom We sent Revelation, (to preach and invite
mankind to believe in the Oneness of Allaah). So ask (you, O pagans of
Makkah) of those who know the Scripture [learned men of the Taurat (Torah)
and the Injeel (Gospel)], if you know not.

44. With clear signs and Books (We sent the Messengers)”

[al-Nahl 16:43, 44] 

This includes asking one or many. End quote. 

Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) 

 

Fataawa al-‘Aqeedah, p. 18.