The 'Irrevocable' Divorce
1 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that a man said to
'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas, "I have divorced my wife by saying 'I divorce you a
hundred times.' What do you think my situation is?" Ibn 'Abbas said to him, "She
was divorced from you by three pronouncements, and by the ninety-seven you have
mocked the ayats of Allah."
2 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that a man came to
'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud and said, "I have divorced my wife by saying 'I divorce
you' eight times." Ibn Mas'ud said to him, "What have people told you?" He
replied, "I have been told that I have to part absolutely from her." Ibn Mas'ud
said, "They have spoken the truth. If someone divorces in the way that Allah has
said, Allah has made it clear for him. But if someone makes matters confused for
himself, then we make him responsible for what he has made confused. So do not
confuse yourselves and then expect us to bear the burden for you. It is as they
have said."
3 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from Abu Bakr ibn Hazm
that 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz had asked him what people said about the
'irrevocable' divorce, and Abu Bakr had replied that Aban ibn 'Uthman had
clarified that it was declared only once. 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz said, "Even if
divorce had to be declared a thousand times, the 'irrevocable' would use them
all up. A person who says 'irrevocably' has cast the furthest limit."
4 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Marwan ibn al-Hakam
decided that if someone made three pronouncements of divorce, he had divorced
his wife irrevocably.
Malik said, "That is what I like best of what I have heard on the subject."
29.2 Divorce by Euphemistic Statements
5 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab
had heard in a letter from Iraq that a man had said to his wife, "Your rein is
on your withers" (i.e. you have free rein). 'Umar ibn al-Khattab wrote to his
governor to order the man to come to him at Makka at the time of the Hajj. While
'Umar was doing tawaf around the House, a man met him and greeted him. 'Umar
asked him who he was, and he replied that he was the man that he had ordered to
be brought to him. 'Umar said to him, "I ask you by the Lord of this building,
what did you mean by your statement, 'Your rein is on your withers'?" The man
replied, "Had you made me swear by other than this place, I would not have told
you the truth. I intended separation by that." 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "It is
what you intended."
6 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Ali ibn Abi Talib
used to say that if a man said to his wife, "You are haram for me," it
counted as three pronouncements of divorce.
Malik said, "That is the best of what I have heard on the subject."
7 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said
that the statement like, "I cut myself off from you," or "You are abandoned",
were considered as three pronouncements of divorce.
Malik said that any strong statements such as these or others were considered
as three pronouncements of divorce for a woman whose marriage had been
consummated. In the case of a woman whose marriage had not been consummated the
man was asked to make an oath on his deen, as to whether he had intended
one or three pronouncements of divorce. If he had intended one pronouncement, he
was asked to make an oath by Allah to confirm it, and he became a suitor among
her suitors, because a woman whose marriage had been consummated, required three
pronouncements of divorce to make her inaccessible for the husband, whilst only
one pronouncement was needed to make a woman whose marriage had not been
consummated inaccessible.
Malik added, "That is the best of what I have heard about the matter."
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from al-Qasim ibn
Muhammad that a certain man had taken a slave-girl belonging to somebody else as
a wife. He said to her people, "She is your concern," and people considered that
to be one pronouncement of divorce.
9 Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard Ibn Shihab say that if a man
said to his wife, "You are free of me, and I am free of you," it counted as
three pronouncements of divorce as if it were an 'irrevocable' divorce.
Malik said that if a man made any strong statement such as these to his wife,
it counted as three pronouncements of divorce for a woman whose marriage had
been consummated, or it was written as one of three for a woman whose marriage
had not been consummated, whichever the man wished. If he said that he intended
only one divorce he swore to it and he became one of the suitors because,
whereas a woman whose marriage had been consummated was made inaccessible by
three pronouncements of divorce, the woman whose marriage had not been
consummated was made inaccessible by only one pronouncement.
Malik said, "That is the best of what I have heard."
29.3 Giving Wives the Right of Full Divorce
10 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that a man came to
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar and said, "Abu 'Abd ar-Rahman! I placed the command of my
wife in her hand, and she has divorced herself from me, what do you think?"
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, "I think that it is as she said." The man said, "Don't
do it, Abu 'Abd ar-Rahman!" Ibn 'Umar said, "You did it, it has nothing to do
with me."
11 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said,
"When a man gives a woman command over herself, then the result is as she
decides unless he denies it and says that he only meant to give her one divorce
and he swears to it - then he has access to her while she is in her 'idda."
29.4 When a Wife's Authority Must be One Considered as Only a Single
Pronouncement of Divorce
12 Yahya related to me from Malik from Sa'id ibn Sulayman ibn Zayd ibn Thabit
that Kharija ibn Zayd ibn Thabit told him that he was sitting with Zayd ibn
Thabit when Muhammad ibn Abi 'Atiq came to him with his eyes brimming with
tears. Zayd asked him what the matter was. He said, "I gave my wife command of
herself, and she separated from me." Zayd said to him, "What made you do that?"
He said, "The Decree." Zayd said, "Take her back if you wish for it is only one
pronouncement, and you have the right to her."
13 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim from his
father that a man of Thaqif gave his wife command over herself, and she said,
"You are divorced." He was silent. She said, "You are divorced." He said, "May a
stone be in your mouth." She said, "You are divorced." He said, "May a stone be
in your mouth." They argued and went to Marwan ibn al-Hakam. Marwan made him
take an oath that he had only given her control over one pronouncement, and then
he gave her back to him."
Malik said that 'Abd ar-Rahman said that al-Qasim was very pleased with
Marwan's decision who thought it the best he had heard on the subject.
Malik added, "That is also the best of what I have heard on this subject and
I prefer it."
29.5 When Allowing a Wife Her Authority Does Not Constitute a Divorce
14 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim from his
father that 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, proposed to Qurayba bint Abi Umayya on
behalf of 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr. They married her to him and her people
found fault with 'Abd ar-Rahman and said, "We only gave in marriage because of
'A'isha." 'A'isha therefore sent to 'Abd ar-Rahman and told him about it. He
gave Qurayba authority over herself and she chose her husband and so there was
no divorce.
15 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim from his
father that 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, gave Hafsa bint 'Abd ar-Rahman in marriage to al-Mundhir ibn az-Zubayr
while 'Abd ar-Rahman was away in Syria. When 'Abd ar-Rahman arrived, he said,
"Shall someone like me have this done to him? Am I the kind of man to have
something done to him without his consent?" 'A'isha spoke to al-Mundhir ibn
az-Zubayr, and al-Mundhir said, "It is in the hands of 'Abd ar-Rahman." 'Abd
ar-Rahman said, "I will not oppose something that you have already completed."
Hafsa was confirmed with al-Mundhir, and there was no divorce.
16 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar
and Abu Hurayra were asked about a man who gave his wife power over herself, and
she returned it to him without doing anything with it. They said that there was
no divorce. (i.e. the man's giving his wife power over herself was not
interpreted as an actual expression of divorce on his part.)
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that Sa'id ibn
al-Musayyab said, "If a man gives his wife authority over herself, and she does
not separate from him and remains with him, there is no divorce."
Malik said about a woman whose husband gave her power over herself and they
then separated while she refused to do that, that she had no longer has power to
invoke the divorce. She only had power over herself as long as they remained
together in the same meeting.
29.6 Annulment of Marriage by the Husband's Vow to Refrain from
Intercourse (Ila')
17 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ja'far ibn Muhammad from his father
that 'Ali ibn Abi Talib said, "When a man takes a vow to abstain from
intercourse, divorce does not occur immediately. If four months pass, he must
declare his intent and either he is divorced or he revokes his vow."
Malik said, "That is what is done among us."
18 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said,
"When a man makes a vow to abstain from intercourse with his wife, and four
months have passed, he must declare his intent and either he is divorced or he
revokes his vow. Divorce does not occur until four months have passed and he is
made to declare his intent."
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab and
Abu Bakr ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman said about a man who made a vow to abstain from
intercourse with his wife, "If four months pass it is a divorce. The husband can
go back to his wife as long as she is still in her 'idda."
19 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Marwan ibn al-Hakam
decided about a man who had made a vow to abstain from intercourse with his wife
that when four months had passed, it was a divorce and he could return to her as
long as she was still in her 'idda.
Malik added, "That was also the opinion of Ibn Shihab."
Malik said that if a man made a vow to abstain from intercourse with his wife
and at the end of four months he declared his intent to continue to abstain, he
was divorced. He could go back to his wife, but if he did not have intercourse
with her before the end of her 'idda, he had no access to her and could
not go back to her unless he had an excuse - illness, imprisonment, or a similar
excuse. His return to her maintained her as his wife. If her 'idda passed
and then he married her after that and did not have intercourse with her until
four months had passed and he declared his intent to continue to abstain,
divorce was applied to him by the first vow. If four months passed, and he had
not returned to her, he had no 'idda against her nor access because he
had married her and then divorced her before touching her.
Malik said that a man who made a vow to abstain from intercourse from his
wife and continued to abstain after four months and so divorced her, but then
took her back but did not touch her and four months were completed before her
'idda was completed, did not have to declare his intent and divorce did not
befall him. If he had intercourse with her before the end of her 'idda,
he was entitled to her. If her 'idda passed before he had intercourse
with her, then he had no access to her.
Malik said, "This is the best that I have heard about this matter."
Malik said that if a man made a vow to abstain from intercourse with his wife
and then divorced her, and the four months of the vow were completed before
completion of the 'idda of the divorce, it counted as two pronouncements
of divorce, it counted as two pronouncements of divorce. If he declared his
intention to continue to abstain and the 'idda of the divorce finished
before the four months, the vow of abstention was not a divorce. That was
because the four months had passed and she was not his on that day.
Malik said, "If someone makes a vow not to have sexual intercourse with his
wife for a day or a month, and then waits until more than four months have
passed, it is not ila'. Ila' only applies to someone who vows more
than four months. As for the one who vows not to have intercourse with his wife
for four months or less than that, I do not think that it is ila' because
when the term enters into it at which it stops, he comes out of his oath and he
does not have to declare his intention."
Malik said, "If someone vows to his wife not to have intercourse with her
until her child has been weaned, that is not ila'. I have heard that 'Ali
ibn Abi Talib was asked about that and he did not think that it amounted to
ila'."
29.7 The Ila' (Vow of Abstention) of Slaves
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had asked Ibn Shihab about the ila'
of the slave. He said that it was like the ila' of the freeman, and
it put an obligation on him. The ila' of the slave was two months.
29.8 Dhihar of Freemen
20 Yahya related to me from Malik from Sa'id ibn 'Amr ibn Sulaym az-Zuraqi
that he asked al-Qasim ibn Muhammad about a man who made divorce conditional on
his marrying a woman (i.e. if he married her he would automatically divorce
her.) Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad said, "A man once made a woman like his mother's
back, (i.e. has made haram for him by dhihar) if he were to marry
her, and 'Umar ibn al-Khattab ordered him not to go near her if he married her
until he had done kaffara as one would for pronouncing dhihar."
21 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that a man asked al-Qasim
ibn Muhammad and Sulayman ibn Yasar about a man who pronounced dhihar
from his wife before he had married her. They said, "If he marries her, he must
not touch her until he has done the kaffara for pronouncing dhihar."
22 Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn 'Urwa that his father said
that a man who pronounced a dhihar from his four wives in one statement
had only to do one kaffara.
Yahya related the same as that to me from Malik from Rabi'a ibn Abi 'Abd
ar-Rahman.
Malik said, "That is what is done among us. Allah, the Exalted, says about
the kaffara for pronouncing dhihar, 'Anyone who cannot find the
means must fast for two consecutive months before the two of them may touch one
another again. And anyone who is unable to do that must feed sixty poor people.'"
(58:3-4)
Malik said that a man who pronounced dhihar from his wife on various
occasions had only to do one kaffara. If he pronounced dhihar, and
then did kaffara, and then pronounced dhihar after he had done the
kaffara, he had to do kaffara again.
Malik said, "Someone who pronounces dhihar from his wife and then has
intercourse with her before he has done kaffara, only has to do one
kaffara. He must abstain from her until he has completed the kaffara
and ask forgiveness of Allah. That is the best of what I have heard."
Malik said, "It is the same with dhihar using any prohibited relations
of either fosterage or ancestry."
Malik said, "Women cannot pronounce dhihar."
Malik said that he had heard that the commentary on the word of Allah, the
Blessed, the Exalted, "Those who divorce their wives by equating them with
their mothers, and then wish to go back on what they said" (56:3), was that
a man pronounced dhihar on his wife and then decided to keep her and have
intercourse with her. If he divorced her and without having decided, after
pronouncing dhihar on her, to keep her and have intercourse with her,
there would be no kaffara incumbent on him.
Malik said, "If he marries her after that, he does not touch her until he has
completed the kaffara of pronouncing dhihar."
Malik said that if a man who pronounced dhihar from his slave-girl
wanted to have intercourse with her, he had to do the kaffara of the
dhihar before he could sleep with her.
Malik said, "There is no ila' in a man's dhihar unless it is
evident that he does not intend to retract his dhihar."
23 Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn 'Urwa that he heard a man
ask 'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr about a man who said to his wife, "Any woman I marry
along with you as long as you live will be like my mother's back to me." 'Urwa
ibn az-Zubayr said, "Freeing a slaves is enough to release him from that."
29.9 Dhihar of Slaves
24 Yahya related to me from Malik that he asked Ibn Shihab about the
dhihar of a slave. He said, "It is like the dhihar of a freeman."
Malik said, "He meant that the same conditions were applied in both cases."
Malik said, "The dhihar of the slave is incumbent on him, and the
fasting of the slave in the dhihar is two months."
Malik said that there was no ila' for a slave who pronounced a
dhihar from his wife. That was because if he were to fast the kaffara
for pronouncing a dhihar, the divorce of the ila' would come to
him before he had finished the fast.
29.10 The Option (of Slave-girls Married to Slaves when Freed)
25 Yahya related to me from Malik from Rabi'a ibn Abi 'Abd ar-Rahman from
al-Qasim ibn Muhammad that 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, said, "There were three
sunnas established in connection with Barira: firstly was that when she was
set free she was given her choice about her husband; secondly, the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said about her, 'The right of
inheritance belongs to the person who has set a person free'; and thirdly, the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came in and there
was a pot with meat on the boil. Bread and condiments were brought to him from
the stock of the house. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, said, 'Didn't I see a pot with meat in it?' They said, 'Yes,
Messenger of Allah. That is meat which was given as sadaqa for Barira,
and you do not eat sadaqa.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, said, 'It is sadaqa for her, and it is a gift for us.' "
[Bukahri and Muslim]
26 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said
that a female slave who was the wife of a slave and then was set free had the
right of choice as long as he did not have intercourse with her.
Malik said, "If her husband has intercourse with her and she claims that she
did not know, she still has the right of choice. If she is suspect and one does
not believe her claim of ignorance, then she has no choice after he has had
intercourse with her."
27 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from 'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr
that a mawla of the tribe of Banu 'Adi called Zabra' told him that she
had been the wife of a slave when she was a slave-girl. Then she was set free
and she sent a message to Hafsa, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace. Hafsa called her and said, "I will tell you something, but
I would prefer that you did not act upon it. You have authority over yourself as
long as your husband does not have intercourse with you. If he has intercourse
with you, you have no authority at all." Therefore she pronounced her divorce
from him three times.
28 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Sa'id ibn
al-Musayyab said that if a man married a woman, and he was insane or had a
physical defect, she had the right of choice. If she wished she could separate
from him.
29 Malik said that if a slave-girl, who was the wife of a slave, was set free
before he had consummated the marriage, and she chose herself, then she had no
bride-price and it was a pronouncement of divorce.
Malik said, "That was what was done among us."
30 Yahya related to me that Malik heard Ibn Shihab say, "When a man gives his
wife the right of choice, and she chooses him, that is not divorce."
Malik said, "That is the best of what I have heard."
Malik said that if a woman who had been given the right of choice by her
husband chose herself, she was divorced trebly. If her husband said, "But I only
gave her the right of divorce in one," he was not allowed to do that.
Malik said, "If the man gives his wife the right of choice and she says, 'I
accept one', and he says, 'I did not mean that. I have given the right of choice
in all three together,' then if she only accepts one, she remains with him in
her marriage, and that is not separation if Allah, the Exalted, wills."
29.11 Separating from Wives for Compensation (Khul')
31 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that 'Amra bint 'Abd
ar-Rahman told him from Habiba bint Sahl al-Ansari that she had been married to
Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shammas. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, went out for the dawn prayer, and found Habiba bint Sahl at his
door in the darkness. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, asked her, "Who is this?" She said, "I am Habiba bint Sahl, Messenger of
Allah." He asked, "What do you want?" She replied, "That Thabit ibn Qays and I
separate." When her husband, Thabit ibn Qays, came, the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, "This is Habiba bint Sahl. She
has mentioned what Allah willed that she mention." Habiba said, "Messenger of
Allah, I have all that he has given me!" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, said to Thabit ibn Qays, "Take it from her." He took it
from her and she stayed in the house of her family."
[Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah]
32 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from a mawla of Safiyya
bint Abi 'Ubayd that she gave all that she possessed to her husband as
compensation for her divorce from him, and 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar did not
disapprove of that.
Malik said that the divorce was ratified for a woman who ransomed herself
from her husband, when it was known that her husband was injurious to her and
was oppressive to her and it was known that he wronged her, and he had to return
her property to her.
Malik added, "That is what I have heard, and it is what is done among us."
Malik said, "There is no harm if a woman ransoms herself from her husband for
more than he gave her."
29.12 Thu Khul' Divorce
33 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that Rubayyi' bint Mu'awwidh ibn
'Afra' came with her paternal uncle to 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar and told him that she
had been divorced from her husband by compensating him in the time of 'Uthman
ibn 'Affan, and'Uthman heard about it and did not disapprove.
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, "Her 'idda is the 'idda of a divorced
woman."
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab
and Sulayman ibn Yasar and Ibn Shihab all said that a woman who divorced her
husband for compensation had the same 'idda as a divorced woman - three
menstrual periods.
Malik said that a woman who ransomed herself could not return to her husband
except by a new marriage. If he then married her (again) and then separated from
her before he had had intercourse with her, there was no 'idda for her to
observe from her second divorce, and she continued on from when her first
'idda stopped.
Malik said, "That is the best that I have heard on the matter."
Malik said, "If, when a woman offers to compensate her husband, he divorces
her straightaway, then that compensation is confirmed for him. If he makes no
response and then at a later date does divorce her, he is not entitled to that
compensation."
29.13 Li'an (Invoking Mutual Curses)
34 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Sahl ibn Sa'id
as-Sa'idi told him that 'Uwaymir al-'Ajlani came to 'Asim ibn 'Adi al-Ansari and
said to him, "'Asim! What do you think a man who finds another man with his wife
should do? Should he kill him and then be killed himself, or what should he do,
'Asim? Ask the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
about that for me." 'Asim asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, about it. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, was revolted by the questions and reproved them until what 'Asim
heard from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
became too much for him to bear.
When 'Asim returned to his people, 'Uwaymir came to him and said, "'Asim!
What did the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say to
you?" 'Asim said to 'Uwaymir, "You did not bring me any good. The Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was revolted by the question
which I asked him." 'Uwaymir said, "By Allah! I will not stop until I ask him
about it myself!" 'Uwaymir stood up and went to the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the middle of the people and said,
"Messenger of Allah! What do you think a man who finds another man with his wife
should do? Should he kill him and then be killed himself, or what should he do?"
The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said.
"Something has been sent down about you and your wife, so go and bring her."
Sahl continued, "They mutually cursed one another in the presence of the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and I was present
with the people. When they finished cursing each other, 'Uwaymir said, 'I shall
have lied about her, Messenger of Allah, if I keep her,' and pronounced the
divorce three times before the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, ordered him to do it."
Malik said that Ibn Shihab said, "That was when became the sunna for a
couple mutually cursing each other (li'an)."
[In Bukhari and Muslim]
35 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that a
man cursed his wife in the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, and disowned her child. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, separated them and gave the child to the woman.
Malik said, "Allah the Blessed, the Exalted, says, 'Those who make an
accusation against their wives and have no witnesses except themselves, the
legal proceeding of such a one is to testify four times by Allah that he is
telling the truth and a fifth time that Allah's curse will be upon him if he is
lying. And the punishment is removed from her if she testifies four times by
Allah that he is lying and a fifth time that Allah's anger will be upon her if
he speaks the truth.'" (24:6-9)
Malik said, "The sunna with us is that those who curse each other are
never to be remarried. If the man calls himself a liar (i.e. takes back his
accusation), he is flogged with the hadd punishment, and the child is
attributed to him, and his wife can never return to him. There is no doubt or
dispute about this sunna among us."
Malik said, "If a man separates from his wife by an irrevocable divorce by
which he cannot return to her, and then he denies the paternity of the child she
is carrying whilst she claims that he is the father, and it is possible by the
timing that he be so, he must curse her, so that it is not known that the
pregnancy is by him."
Malik said, "That is what is done among us, and it is what I have heard from
the people of knowledge."
Malik said that a man who accused his wife after he had divorced her trebly
while she was pregnant, and he had at first accepted being the father but then
claimed that he had seen her committing adultery before he separated from her,
was flogged with the hadd punishment, and did not curse her.
If he denied the paternity of her child after he had divorced her trebly, and
he had not previously accepted it, then he cursed her.
Malik said, "This is what I have heard."
Malik said, "The slave is in the same position as the freeman as regards
making accusations and invoking mutual curses (li'an). He acts in the
li'an as the freeman acts although no hadd applies for slandering a
female slave."
Malik said, "The Muslim slave-girl and the Christian and Jewish freewoman
also do li'an when a free Muslim marries one of them and has intercourse
with her. That is because Allah - may He be blessed and exalted, says in His
Book, 'Those who make an accusation against their wives,' and they are
their wives. This is what is done among us."
Malik said, "If a slave marries a free Muslim woman, or a Muslim slave-girl,
or a free Chrrstian or Jewish woman, he can do li'an against her."
Malik said that if a man pronounced the li'an with his wife, and then
stopped and called himself a liar after one or two oaths without having asked
for curses on himself in the fifth one, he should be flogged with the hadd
punishment [for slander], but they did not have to be separated.
Malik said that if a man divorced his wife and then after three months the
woman said, "I am pregnant," and he denied paternity, then he had to do li'an.
Malik said that the husband of a female slave who pronounced the li'an
on her and then bought her was not to have intercourse with her, even if he
owned her, and the sunna which had been handed down about a couple who
mutually cursed each other in the li'an was that they were never to
return to each other.
Malik said that when a man pronounced the li'an against his wife
before he had consummated the marriage, she only had half of the bride-price.
29.14 Inheritance of Children of Women against whom Li'an has been
Pronounced
36 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr
said that if the child of the woman against whom li'an had been pronounced or
the child of fornication died, his mother inherited from him her right or
mentioned in the Book of Allah the Exalted, and his maternal half-brothers had
their rights. The rest was inherited by the owners of his mother's wala'
if she was a freed slave. If she was an ordinary freewoman, she inherited her
right, his maternal brothers inherited their rights, and the rest went to the
Muslims."
Malik said, "I heard the same as that from Sulayman ibn Yasar, and it is what
I have seen the people of knowledge in our city doing."
29.15 Divorce of Virgins
37 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Muhammad ibn 'Abd
ar-Rahman ibn Thawban that Muhammad ibn Iyas ibn al-Bukayr said, "A man divorced
his wife three times before he had consummated the marriage, and then it seemed
good to him to marry her. He wanted, therefore, an opinion, and I went with him
to ask 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas and Abu Hurayra on his behalf about it, and they
said, 'We do not think that you should marry her until she has married another
husband.' He protested that his divorcing her had been only once. Ibn 'Abbas
said, 'You threw away what you had of blessing.'"
38 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from Bukayr ibn
'Abdullah al-Ashajj from an-Nu'man ibn Abi 'Ayyash al-Ansari from 'Ata' ibn
Yasar that a man came and asked 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibnal-'As about a man who
divorced his wife three times before he had had intercourse with her. 'Ata'
said, "The divorce of the virgin is one. 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As said to
me, 'You say one pronouncement completely separates her from her husband and
three makes her haram until she has married another husband.'"
39 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that Bukayr ibn
'Abdullah al-Ashajj informed him that Mu'awiya ibn Abi 'Ayyash al-Ansari told
him that he was sitting with 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr and 'Asim ibn 'Umar ibn
al-Khattab when Muhammad ibn Iyas ibn al-Bukayr came up to them and said, "A man
from the desert has divorced his wife three times before consummating the
marriage. What do you think?" 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr said, "This is something
about which we have no statement. Go to 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas and Abu Hurayra. I
left them with 'A'isha. Ask them and then come and tell us." He went and asked
them. Ibn 'Abbas said to Abu Hurayra, "Give an opinion, Abu Hurayra! A difficult
one has come to you." Abu Hurayra said, "One pronouncement separates her and
three makes her haram until she has married another husband." Ibn 'Abbas
said something similar to that.
Malik said, "That is what is done among us, and when a man marries a woman
who has been married before, and he has not had intercourse with her, she is
treated as a virgin - one pronouncement separates her and three make her
haram until she has married another husband."
29.16 Divorce of Sick Men
40 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Talha ibn 'Abdullah
ibn 'Awf said, and he knew better than them, from Abu Salama ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman
ibn 'Awf that 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf divorced his wife irrevocably while he was
terminally ill and 'Uthman ibn 'Affan made her an heir after the end of her
'idda.
41 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abdullah ibn al-Fadl from al-A'raj
that 'Uthman ibn 'Affan made the wives of Ibn Mukmil inherit from him, and he
had divorced them while he was terminally ill.
42 Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard Rabi'a ibn Abi 'Abd ar-Rahman
say, "I heard that the wife of 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf asked him to divorce her.
He said, 'When you have menstruated and are pure, then let me know.' She did not
menstruate until 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf was ill. When she was purified, she
told him and he divorced her irrevocably or made a pronouncement of divorce
which was all that he had left over her. 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf was terminally
ill at the time, so 'Uthman ibn 'Affan made her one of the heirs after the end
of her 'idda."
43 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that Muhammad ibn
Yahya ibn Habban said, "My grandfather Habban had two wives, one from the Banu
Hashim and one from the Ansar. He divorced the Ansari wife while she was
nursing, and a year passed and he died and she had still not menstruated. She
said, 'I inherit from him. I have not menstruated yet.' The wives quarrelled and
went to 'Uthman ibn 'Affan. He decided that she did inherit, and the Hashim wife
rebuked 'Uthman. He said, 'This is the practice of the son of your paternal
uncle. He pointed this out to us.' He meant 'Ali ibn Abi Talib."
44 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard Ibn Shihab say, "When a
man who is terminally ill divorces his wife three times, she still inherits from
him."
Malik said, "If he divorces her while he is terminally ill before he has
consummated the marriage, she has half of the bride-price and inherits, and she
does not have to do an 'idda. If he has consummated the marriage, she has
all the dowry and inherits. The virgin and the previously married woman are the
same in this situation according to us."
29.17 Compensatory Gift after Divorce
45 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn
'Awf divorced his wife, and gave her a compensatory gift in the form of a
slave-girl.
Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said,
"Every divorced woman has compensation except for the one who is divorced and is
allocated a bride-price and has not been touched. She receives half of what was
allocated to her."
46 Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said, "Every divorced woman
receives compensation."
Malik said, "I have also heard the same as that from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad."
Malik said, "There is no fixed limit among us as to how small or large the
compensation is."
29.18 The Divorce of a Slave
47 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from Sulayman ibn Yasar
that Nufay', a mukatab of Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, or a slave of hers, had a freewoman as a wife. He
divorced her twice, and then he wanted to return to her. The wives of the
Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered him to go to 'Uthman
ibn 'Affan to ask him about it. He found him at ad-Daraj with Zayd ibn Thabit.
He asked them, and they both replied to him immediately and said, "She is
haram for you. She is haram for you."
48 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab
that Nufay', a mukatab of Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, divorced his free wife twice, so he asked 'Uthman
ibn 'Affan for an opinion, and he said, "She is haram for you."
49 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abdu Rabbih ibn Sa'id from Muhammad
ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Harith at-Taymi that Nufay', a mukatab of Umm Salama,
the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked Zayd ibn
Thabit for an opinion. He said, "I have divorced my free wife twice." Zayd ibn
Thabit said, "She is haram for you."
50 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said,
"When a slave divorces his wife twice, she is haram for him until she has
married another husband, whether she is free or a slave. The 'idda of a
free woman is three menstrual periods, and the 'idda of a slave-girl is
two periods.
51 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said,
"If a man gives his slave permission to marry, the divorce is in the hand of the
slave, and nobody else has any power over his divorce. Nothing is held against a
man who takes the slave-girl of his male slave or the slave-girl of his
female-slave."
29.19 Maintenance of Slave-Girls Divorced when Pregnant
Malik said, "Neither a freeman nor a slave who divorces a slave-girl nor a
slave who divorces a freewoman, in an irrevocable divorce, is obliged to pay
maintenance even if she is pregnant and he no longer has any right to return to
her."
Malik said, "A freeman is not obliged to pay for the suckling of his son when
his son is a slave belonging to others, nor is a slave obliged to spend his
money on what his master owns except with the permission of his master."
29.20 'Idda of Women with Missing Husbands
52 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from Sa'id ibn
al-Musayyab that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "The woman who loses her husband and
does not not know where he is, waits for four years, then does 'idda for four
months, and then she is free to marry."
Malik said, "If she marries after her 'idda is over, regardless of
whether the new husband has consummated the marriage or not, her first husband
has no means of access to her."
Malik said, "That is what is done among us. If her husband reaches her before
she has re-married, he is more entitled to her."
Malik said that he had seen people disapproving of what one person said that
one of the people (i.e. one of the people of knowledge) had attributed to 'Umar
ibn al-Khattab that he had said, "Her first husband chooses when he comes -
either her bride-price or his wife."
Malik said, "I have heard that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, speaking about a woman
whose husband divorced her while he was absent from her and then took her back,
and the news of his taking her back had not reached her while the news of his
divorcing her had, and so she had married again, said, 'Her first husband who
divorced her has no means of access to her whether or not the new husband has
consummated the marriage.' "
Malik said, "This is what I like best of what I have heard about the missing
man."
29.21 'Idda of Divorce and Divorce of Menstruating Women
53 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar
divorced his wife while she was menstruating in the time of the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab asked the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about it. The
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Go and tell
him to take her back and keep her until she is purified and then has a period
and then is purified. Then if he wishes, he can keep her, and if he wishes, he
should divorce her before he has had intercourse with her. That is the 'idda
which Allah has commanded for women who are divorced."
[Bukhari and Muslim]
54 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from 'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr
from 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, that she took Hafsa ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi
Bakr as-Siddiq into her house when she had entered the third period of her
'idda. Ibn Shihab said, "That was mentioned to 'Amra bint 'Abd ar-Rahman,
and she said that 'Urwa had spoken the truth and people had argued with 'A'isha
about it, saying that Allah,the Blessed, the Exalted, says in His Book, 'Three
quru'.' 'A'isha said, 'You spoken the truth. Do you know what quru'
are? Quru' are times of becoming pure after menstruation."
55 Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said that he heard Abu Bakr
ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman say, "I have never seen any of our fuqaha' who did not
say that this was what the statement of 'A'isha meant."
56 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' and Zayd ibn Aslam from Sulayman
ibn Yasar that al-Ahwas died in Syria when his wife had begun her third
menstrual period after he had divorced her. Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan wrote and
asked Zayd ibn Thabit about that. Zayd wrote to him, "When she began her third
period, she was free from him and he was free from her. He does not inherit from
her nor she from him."
57 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Abu Bakr ibn 'Abd
ar-Rahman, Sulayman ibn Yasar and Ibn Shihab used to say, "When a divorced woman
enters the beginning of her third period, she is clearly separated from her
husband and she cannot inherit from him and he cannot inherit from her and he
has no access to her."
58 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said,
"When a man divorces his wife and she begins her third period, she is free from
him and he is free from her."
Malik said, "This is how things are done among us."
59 Yahya related to me from Malik from al-Fudayl ibn Abi 'Abdullah, the mawla
of al-Mahri that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad and Salim ibn 'Abdullah said, "When a
woman is divorced and begins her third period, she is clearly separated from him
and is free to marry again."
60 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Sa'id ibn
al-Musayyab, Ibn Shihab, and Sulayman ibn Yasar all said, "The 'idda of a
woman in a khul' divorce is three periods."
61 Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard Ibn Shihab say, "The 'idda
of a divorced woman is reckoned by the menstrual cycles even if she is
estranged." (The reason the 'idda is normally reckoned by the menstrual
cycle is to see whether the woman is pregnant or not.)
62 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from a man of the
Ansar that his wife asked him for a divorce, and he said to her, "When you have
had your period, then tell me." When she had her period, she told him. He said,
"When you are purified then tell me." When she was purified, she told him and he
divorced her.
Malik said, "This is the best of what I have heard about it."
29.22 'Idda of Women in their Houses when Divorced in Them
63 Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Sa'id heard al-Qasim ibn
Muhammad and Sulayman ibn Yasar both mention that Yahya ibn Sa'id ibn al-'As
divorced the daughter of 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Hakam irrevocably, so 'Abd
ar-Rahman ibn al-Hakam took her away. 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, sent to Marwan
ibn al-Hakam who was the Amir of Madina at that time. She said, "Fear Allah and
make him return the woman to her house."
Marwan said in what Sulayman related, "'Abd ar-Rahman has the upper hand over
me." Marwan said in what al-Qasim related, "Have you not heard about the affair
of Fatima bint Qays?" 'A'isha said, "It will not harm you to mention the story
of Fatima." Marwan said, "If you see some evil, there is enough evil in what
occurred between those two." (see hadith 67)
[In Bukhari]
64 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that the daughter of Sa'id ibn
Zayd ibn 'Amr ibn Nufayl was the wife of 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn 'Uthman ibn
'Affan, and he divorced her irrevocably and she moved out. 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar
rebuked her for that.
65 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar
divorced one of his wives in the house of Hafsa, the wife of the Prophet, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace. It was on his way to the mosque so he went
by a different route which went behind the houses as he was averse to asking her
permission to enter until he took her back.
66 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that Sa'id ibn
al-Musayyab was asked who was obliged to pay the rent for a woman whose husband
divorced her while she was in a leased house. Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab said, "Her
husband is obliged to pay it." Someone asked, "What if her husband does not have
it?" He said, "Then she must pay it." Someone asked, "And if she does not have
it?" He said, "Then the Amir must pay it."
29.23 Maintenance of Divorced Women
67 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abdullah ibn Yazid, the mawla of
al-Aswad ibn Sufyan from Abu Salama ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf from Fatima bint
Qays that Abu 'Amr ibn Hafs divorced her absolutely while he was away in Syria.
His agent sent her some barley and she was displeased with it, saying, "By
Allah, I don't expect anything from you." She went to the Messenger of Allah,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and mentioned it to him. He said, "You
have no maintenance. He then ordered her to spend her 'idda in the house
of Umm Sharik. Then he said, "This is a woman whom my Companions visit. Spend
the 'idda in the house of 'Abdullah Ibn Umm Maktum. He is a blind man and
you can undress in his home. When you are free to marry, tell me."
She continued, "When I was free to remarry, I mentioned to him that Mu'awiya
ibn Abi Sufyan and Abu Jahm ibn Hisham had asked for me in marriage. The
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'As for Abu
Jahm, he never puts down his stick from his shoulder (i.e. he is always
travelling), and as for Mu'awiya, he is a poor man with no property. Marry Usama
ibn Zayd.' I objected to him and he repeated, 'Marry Usama ibn Zayd.' So I
married him, and Allah put good in it and I was content with him.'"
[Muslim and the Risala of ash-Shafi'i]
68 Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard Ibn Shihab say, "The woman
who is absolutely divorced does not leave her house until she is free to
remarry. She is not entitled to maintenance unless she is pregnant. In that case
the husband supports her until she gives birth."
Malik said, "This is what is done among us."
29.24 'Idda of Slave-Girls Divorced by Their Husbands
69 Malik said, "What is done among us when a slave divorces a slave-girl when
she is a slave and then she is set free, is that her 'idda is the
'idda of a slave-girl, and her being set free does not change her 'idda
whether or not he can still take her back. Her 'idda is not altered."
Malik said, "The hadd punishment which a slave incurs is treated in
the same way. When he is freed after he has incurred the penalty but before the
punishment has been executed, his hadd is the hadd of a slave."
Malik said, "A freeman can divorce a slave-girl three times, and her 'idda
is two periods. A slave divorces a freewoman twice, and her 'idda is
three periods."
Malik said about a man who had a slave-girl as a wife, and he bought her and
set her free, "Her 'idda is the 'idda of a slave-girl, i.e. two
periods, as long as he has not had intercourse with her. If he has had
intercourse with her after buying her and before he has set her free, she only
has to wait until one period has passed."
29.25 General Chapter on 'Idda of Divorce
70 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id and from Yazid ibn
'Abdullah ibn Qusayt al-Laythi that Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab said, "'Umar ibn
al-Khattab said, 'If a woman is divorced and has one or two periods and then
stops menstruating, she must wait nine months. If it is clear that she is
pregnant, then that is that. If not, she must do an 'idda of three months
after the nine, and then she is free to marry."
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that Sa'id ibn
al-Musayyab said, "Divorce belongs to men, and women have the 'idda."
71 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab
said, "The 'idda of the woman who bleeds constantly is a year."
Malik said, "What is done among us about a divorced woman whose periods stop
when her husband divorces her is that she waits nine months. If she has not had
a period in that time, she has an 'idda of three months. If she has a
period before the end of the three months, she accepts the period. If another
nine months pass without her having a period, she does an 'idda of three
months. If she has a second period before the end of those three months, she
accepts the period. If nine months then pass without a period, she does an
'idda of three months. If she has a third period, the 'idda of the
period is complete. If she does not have a period, she waits three months, and
then she is free to marry. Her husband can return to her before she becomes free
to marry unless he made her divorce irrevocable."
Malik said, "The sunna with us is that when a man divorces his wife
and has the option to return to her, and she does part of her 'idda and
then he returns to her and then parts from her before he has had intercourse
with her, she does not add to what has passed of her 'idda. Her husband
has wronged himself and erred if he returns to her and has no need of her."
Malik said, "What is done among us is that if a woman becomes a Muslim while
her husband is an unbeliever and then he becomes a Muslim, he is entitled to her
as long as she is still in her 'idda. If her 'idda is finished, he
has no access to her. If he re-marries her after the end of her 'idda,
however, that is not counted as divorce. Islam removed her from him without
divorce."
29.26 The Two Arbiters
72 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Ali ibn Abi Talib
said about the two arbiters about whom Allah, the Exalted, says, "If you fear
a breach between a couple, send an arbiter from his people and an arbiter from
her people. If the couple desire to put things right, Allah will bring about a
reconciliation between them. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware," (4:35) that
both separation and joining were overseen by the two of them.
Malik said, "That is the best of what I have heard from the people of
knowledge. Whatever the two arbiters say concerning separation or joining is
taken into consideration."
29.27 Oath of Men to Divorce While Not Yet Married
73 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Umar ibn
al-Khattab, 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, Salim ibn 'Abdullah,
al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, Ibn Shihab, and Sulayman ibn Yasar all said, "If a man
has vowed to divorce his wife before marrying her and then he breaks his vow,
divorce is obligatory for him when he marries her."
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud
said that there was nothing binding on someone who said, "Every woman I marry is
divorced" if he did not name a specific tribe or woman.
Malik said, "That is the best of what I have heard."
Malik said about a man saying to his wife, "You are divorced, and every woman
I marry is divorced," or that all his property would be sadaqa if he did
not do such-and-such and then broke his oath, "As for his wives, it is divorce
as he said. As for his statement, 'Every woman I marry is divorced', if he did
not name a specific woman, tribe, or land, or so on, it is not binding on him
and he can marry as he wishes. As for his property, he gives a third of it away
as sadaqa."
29.28 Deadline of Men Who Do Not Have Intercourse with Their Wives
74 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab
said, "If someone marries a woman and cannot have intercourse with her, there is
a deadline of a year set for him to have intercourse with her. If he does not,
they are separated."
75 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had asked Ibn Shihab about whether
the deadline was set from the day he had married her, or from the day she
presented the case before the ruler. He said, "It is from the day she presents
her complaint before the ruler."
Malik said, "As for someone who has intercourse with his wife and then is
prevented from intercourse with her, I have not heard that there is a deadline
set for him or that they have been separated."
29.29 General Section on Divorce
76 Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said, "I have heard that
the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to a man
from Thaqif who had ten wives when he became Muslim, 'Take four and separate
from the rest.'"
[In at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah]
77 Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab said that he had heard
Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab, Humayd ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf, 'Ubaydullah ibn
'Abdullah ibn 'Utba ibn Mas'ud, and Sulayman ibn Yasar all say that they had
heard Abu Hurayra say that he had heard 'Umar ibn al-Khattab say, "If a woman is
divorced by her husband once or twice, and he leaves her until she is free to
marry and she marries another husband and he dies or divorces her, and then she
re-marries her first husband, she is with him according to what remains of her
divorce (i.e. there is only one or two divorces left)."
Malik said, "That is what is done among us and there is no dispute about it."
78 Yahya related to me from Malik from Thabit ibn al-Ahnaf that he married an
umm walad of 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn al-Khattab. He said, "'Abdullah
ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn al-Khattab summoned me and I went to him. I came
in upon him and there were whips and two iron fetters placed there, and two of
his slaves whom he had made to sit there. He said, 'Divorce her, or, by Him by
whom one swears, I will do such-and-such to you!' I said, 'It is divorce a
thousand times.' Then I left him and saw 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar on the road to
Makka and I told him about my situation. 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar was furious, and
said, 'That is not a divorce and she is not haram for you, so return to
your home.' I was still not at ease so I went to 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr who was
the Amir of Makka at that time. I told him about my situation and what 'Abdullah
ibn 'Umar had said to me. 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr said to me, 'She is not haram
for you, so return to your home,' and he wrote to Jabir ibn al-Aswad az-Zuhri
who was the Amir of Madina and ordered him to punish 'Abdullah ibn 'Abd
ar-Rahman and to make him leave me and my family alone. I went to Madina and
Safiyya, the wife of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, fitted out my wife so that she could
bring her to my house with the knowledge of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar. Then I invited
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar on the day of my wedding to the wedding feast and he came."
79 Yahya related to me from Malik that 'Abdullah ibn Dinar said, "I heard
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar recite from the Qur'an, 'O Prophet! When you divorce women,
divorce them at the beginning of their 'idda.' "
Malik said, "He meant by that to make one pronouncement of divorce at the
beginning of each period of purity."
80 Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn 'Urwa that his father said,
"It used to be that a man would divorce his wife and then return to her before
her 'idda was over, and that was all right, even if he divorced her a
thousand times. The man went to his wife and then divorced her and when the end
of her 'idda was in sight, he took her back and then divorced and said, 'No! By
Allah, I will not go back to you and you will never be able to marry again.'
Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, sent down, 'Divorce can be pronounced twice;
then wives should be retained with correctness and courtesy or released with
good will.' (2:229) People then turned towards divorce in a new light from
that day whether they were divorced or not."
[In at-Tirmidhi]
81 Yahya related to me from Malik from Thawr ibn Zayd ad-Dili that Allah, the
Blessed, the Exalted, sent down about a man who divorced his wife and then
returned to her while he had no need of her and did not mean to keep her so as
to make the 'idda period long for her by that in order to do her harm,
"Do not retain them by force, thus overstepping the limits. Anyone who does that
has wronged himself." (2:231) Allah warns them by that ayat.
82 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Sa'id ibn
al-Musayyab and Sulayman ibn Yasar were asked about a man who divorced when he
was drunk. They said, "When a drunk man divorces, his divorce is allowed. If he
kills, he is killed for it."
Malik said, "That is what is done among us."
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab
said, "If a man does not find the means to spend on his wife, they are to be
separated."
Malik said, "That is what I have seen the people of knowledge in our city
doing."
29.30 'Idda of Widows When Pregnant
83 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abdu Rabbih ibn Sa'id ibn Qays that
Abu Salama ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman said that 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas and Abu Hurayra
were asked when a pregnant woman whose husband had died could remarry. Ibn
'Abbas said, "Whichever of two periods is the longest." Abu Hurayra said, "When
she gives birth, she is free to marry." Abu Salama ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman visited
Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
and asked her about it. Umm Salama said, "Subay'a al-Aslamiya gave birth half a
month after the death of her husband, and two men asked to marry her. One was
young and the other was old. She preferred the young man and so the older man
said, "You are not free to marry yet." Her family were away and he hoped that
when her family returned, they would give her to him. She went to the Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he said, "You are free to
marry, so marry whomever you wish."
[In an-Nasa'i]
84 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar was
asked about a woman whose husband died while she was pregnant, and he said,
"When she gives birth, she is free to marry." A man of the Ansar who was with
him told him that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab had said, "Had she given birth while her
husband was still on his bed, unburied, she would still be free to marry."
85 Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn 'Urwa from his father that
al-Miswar ibn Makhrama told him that Subay'a al-Aslamiya gave birth a few nights
after the death of her husband. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, told her, "You are free to marry, so marry whomever you wish."
[In Bukhari]
86 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from Sulayman ibn
Yasar that 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas and Abu Salama ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf
differed on the question of a woman who gave birth a few nights after the death
of her husband. Abu Salama said, "When she gives birth to the child she is
carrying, she is free to marry." Ibn 'Abbas said, "Whichever of the end of two
periods is the longest." Abu Hurayra came and said, "I am with my nephew,"
meaning Abu Salama. They sent Kurayb, a mawla of 'Abperiods ." Abu Hurayra came
and said, "I am with my nephew," meaning Abu Salama. They sent Kurayb, a mawla
of 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas, to Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, to ask her about it. He came back and told them that
she had said that Subay'a al-Aslamiya had given birth a few nights after the
death of her husband, and she had brought the matter to the Messenger of Allah,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he had said, "You are free to
marry, so marry whomever you wish."
[In an-Nasa'i]
Malik said, "This is how the people of knowledge here continue to act."
29.31 Widows Remaining in their Houses until Free to Marry
87 Yahya related to me from Malik from Sa'id ibn Ishaq ibn Ka'b ibn 'Ujra
from his paternal aunt, Zaynab bint Ka'b ibn 'Ujra, said that al-Furay'a bint
Malik ibn Sinan, the sister of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, informed her that she went
to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and asked to
be able to return to her people among the Banu Khudra since her husband had gone
out in search of some of his slaves who had run away and he had caught up with
them near al-Qudum (which is six miles from Madina) and they had killed him.
She said, "I asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, if I could return to my people in the Banu Khudra, as my husband had not
left me a dwelling which belonged to him, and had left me with me no
maintenance. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
said, 'Yes,' so I left. When I was in the courtyard, the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, called me or summoned me, and I answered
him. He said, 'What did you say?' I repeated the story about my husband. He
said, 'Stay in your houses until what is written reaches its term.' I did the
'idda in the house for four months and ten days."
She said, "When 'Uthman ibn 'Affan sent for me, I told him that, and he
followed it and made judgements accordingly."
[In Abu Dawud, at-Tirmidhi, an-Nasa'i and the Risala of ash-Shafi'i]
88 Yahya related to me from Malik from Humayd ibn Qays al-Makki from 'Amr ibn
Shu'ayb from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab sent back widows
from the desert and prevented them from performing the Hajj.
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that he had heard that
as-Sa'ib ibn Khabbab died, and his wife went to 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar and
mentioned to him that her husband had died and mentioned some land which they
had at Qanah (a district on the outskirts of Madina), and asked him if it would
be all right for her to stay overnight there. He forbade her to do so. So, she
used to go out before dawn from Madina and spent the whole day on their land,
and then, when evening came, she would go back to Madina and spend the night in
her house.
89 Yahya related to me from Malik that Hisham ibn 'Urwa said about a Bedouin
woman whose husband died, that she was to stay where her people stayed.
Malik said, "This is what is done among us."
90 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that Allah ibn 'Umar said, "The
only place a woman whose husband has died and a woman who is absolutely divorced
can spend the night is in their houses."
29.32 'Idda of an Umm Walad on Her Master's Death
91 Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Sa'id said that he had heard
al-Qasim ibn Muhammad say that Zayd ibn 'Abd al-Malik separated some men and
their wives who were slave-girls who had borne children to men who had died,
because they had married them after one or two menstrual periods. He separated
them until they had done an 'idda of four months and ten days. Al-Qasim ibn
Muhammad said, "Glory be to Allah! Allah says in His Book, 'Those of you who
die, leaving wives.' (2:234) They are not wives."
92 Malik related that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, "The 'idda of an
umm walad when her master dies is one menstrual period."
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that al-Qasim ibn
Muhammad said, "The 'idda of an umm walad when her master dies is
one menstrual period."
Malik said, "This is what is done among us."
Malik added, "If she does not have periods, then her 'idda is three
months."
29.33 'Idda of Slave-Girls whose Master or Husband Dies
93 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Sa'id ibn
al-Musayyab and Sulayman ibn Yasar said, "The 'idda of a slave-girl when
her husband dies is two months and five days."
94 Yahya related to me the like of that from Malik from Ibn Shihab.
Malik said about a slave who divorced a slave-girl but did not make it
absolute, "He can return to her. If he then dies while she is still in the
'idda from her divorce, she does the 'idda of a slave-girl whose
husband dies, which is two months and five days. If she has been set free and he
can return to her, and she does not choose to separate after she has been set
free, and he dies while she is in the 'idda from the divorce, she does
the 'idda of a freewoman whose husband has died, four months and ten
days. That is because the 'idda of widowhood befell her while she was
free, so her 'idda is the 'idda of a freewoman."
Malik said, "This is what is done among us."
29.34 Coitus Interruptus
95 Yahya related to me from Malik from Rabi'a ibn Abi 'Abd
ar-Rahman from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Habban that Muhayriz said, "I went into
the mosque and saw Abu Sa'id al-Khudri and so I sat by him and asked him about
coitus interruptus. Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said, "We went out with the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on the expedition against the
Banu al-Mustaliq. We took some Arabs prisoner, and we desired the women as
celibacy was hard for us. We wanted the ransom, so we wanted to practise coitus
interruptus. We asked, 'Shall we practise coitus interruptus while the Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is among us before we have
asked him?' We asked him about that and he said, 'You don't have to not do it.
There is no self which is to come into existence up to the Day of Rising but
that it will come into existence.'"
[cf Bukhari 2404]
96 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'n-Nadr, the mawla of 'Umar ibn
'Ubaydullah, from 'Amir ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas from his father that he used to
practise coitus interruptus.
97 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'n-Nadr, the mawla of 'Umar ibn
'Ubaydullah, from Ibn Aflah, the mawla of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, from an umm walad
of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari that he practised coitus interruptus.
98 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar did not
practise coitus interruptus and thought that it was disapproved.
99 Yahya related to me from Malik from Damra ibn Said al-Mazini from
al-Hajjaj ibn 'Amr ibn Ghaziyya that he was sitting with Zayd ibn Thabit when
Ibn Fadl came to him. He was from the Yemen. He said, "Abu Sa'id! I have
slave-girls. None of the wives in my keep are more pleasing to me than them, and
not all of them please me so much that I want a child by them. Shall I then
practise coitus interruptus?" Zayd ibn Thabit said, "Give an opinion, Hajjaj!" I
said, "May Allah forgive you! We sit with you in order to learn from you!" He
said, "Give an opinion!" I said, "She is your field. If you wish, water it, and
if you wish, leave it thirsty. I heard that from Zayd." Zayd said, "He has
spoken the truth."
100 Yahya related to me from Malik from Humayd ibn Qays al-Makki that a man
called Dhafif said that Ibn 'Abbas was asked about coitus interruptus, He called
a slave-girl and said, "Tell them," She was embarrassed. He said, "It is all
right, and I do it myself."
Malik said, "A man does not practise coitus interruptus with a freewoman
unless she gives her permission. There is no harm in practising coitus
interruptus with a slave-girl without her permission. Someone who has someone
else's slave-girl as a wife does not practise coitus interruptus with her unless
her people give him permission."
29.35 Limit of Abstaining from Adornment in Mourning
101 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Muhammad
ibn 'Amr ibn Hazm from Humayd ibn Nafi' that Zaynab bint Abi Salama related
these three traditions to him. Zaynab said, "I visited Umm Habiba, the wife of
the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when her father Abu Sufyan
ibn Harb had died. Umm Habiba called for a yellowy perfume, perhaps khaluq
or something else. She rubbed the perfume first on a slave-girl and she then
wiped it on the sides of her face and said, 'By Allah! I have no need of perfume
but I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
say, "It is not halal for a woman who trusts in Allah and the Last Day to
abstain from adornment in mourning for someone who has died for more than three
nights, except for four months and ten days for a husband."'"
102 Zaynab said, "I went to the house of Zaynab bint Jahsh, the wife of the
Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when her brother had died. She
called for perfume and put some on and said, 'By Allah! I have no need of
perfume, but I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, say, "It is not halal for a woman who trusts in Allah and the Last
Day to abstain from adornment in mourning for someone who has died for more than
three nights, except for four months and ten days for a husband."'"
103 Zaynab said, "I heard my mother, Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, say that a woman came to the Mesheard my
mother, Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, say that a woman came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, and said, 'Messenger of Allah! My daughter's husband has died
and her eyes are troubling her, can she put kohl on them?' The Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'No' two or three times.
Then he said, 'It is only four months and ten days (i.e. the period of
mourning). In the Jahiliya none of you threw away the piece of dung until
a year had passed.' "
Humayd ibn Nafi' said, "I asked Zaynab to explain what 'throwing away the
piece of dung at the end of a year' meant. Zaynab said, 'In the Jahiliya
when a woman's husband died, she went into a small tent and dressed in the worst
of clothes. She did not touch perfume or anything until a year had passed. Then
she was brought an animal - a donkey, a sheep, or a bird - and she would break
her 'idda with it, by rubbing her body against it (taftaddu).
Rarely did she break her 'idda with anything (by rubbing herself against
it) but that it died. Then she would come out and would be given a piece of
dung. She would throw it away and then return to whatever she wished of perfumes
or whatever.' "
Malik explained, "Taftaddu means to wipe her skin with it in the same
way as with a healing charm."
[al-Bukhari and Muslim}
104 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from Safiyya bint Abi 'Ubayd
from 'A'isha and Hafsa, the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
said, "It is not halal for a woman in mourning for someone who has died,
if she trusts in Allah and the Last Day, to abstain from adornment for more than
three nights, except for a husband."
[In Muslim]
105 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umm Salama, the
wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to a woman in
mourning for her husband whose eyes were troubling her and the pain had become
severe, "Apply jila' kohl at night and wipe it off in the day."
106 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Salim ibn 'Abdullah
and Sulayman ibn Yasar said that if a woman whose husband had died feared that
an inflammation of her eyes might affect her sight or that some complaint might
befall her, she should put kohl on and seek a remedy with kohl or some other
cure even if it had perfume in it.
Malik said, "If there is a necessity, the deen of Allah is ease."
107 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that Safiyya bint Abi 'Ubayd
suffered from an eye-complaint while she was in mourning for her husband,
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar. She did not apply kohl until her eyes almost had ramas
(a dry white secretion in the corners of the eye).
Malik said, "A woman whose husband has died should anoint her eyes with olive
oil and sesame oil and the like of that since there is no perfume in it."
Malik said, "A woman in mourning for her husband should not put on any
jewelry - rings, anklets or such-like, neither should she dress in any sort of
colourful, striped garment unless it is coarse. She should not wear any cloth
dyed with anything except black, and she should only dress her hair with things
like lotus-tree leaves which do not dye the hair."
108 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, visited Umm Salama while was in
mourning for Abu Salama and she had put aloes on her eyes. He asked, "What is
this, Umm Salama?" She said, "It is only aloes, Messenger of Allah." He said,
"Put it on at night and wipe it off in the daytime."
Malik said, "The mourning of a young girl who has not yet had a menstrual
period takes the same form as the mourning of one who has had a period. She
avoids what a mature woman avoids if her husband dies."
Malik said, "A slave-girl mourns her husband when he dies for two months and
five nights like her 'idda."
Malik said, "An umm walad does not have to mourn when her master dies,
and a slave-girl does not have to mourn when her master dies. Mourning is for
those with husbands."
109 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umm Salama, the
wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A mourning
woman can rub her head with lotus leaves and olive oil."
Important note to learn and read quran online
There are many ways to improve the Quran recitation, here are some of them:
listen quran online with tajweed , Quran Recitation Online
When you Recite Holy Quran or Learn Quran with proper understanding, it helps you in understanding the complexities of world and daily life. It helps you in making your life simpler to understand and easier to cope with. Recitation of Quran gives your strength and knowledge to deal with different patterns of life. Reading Quran or Recitation of Quran doesn’t even gives you mental peace and calmness but if you recite it with complete understanding of what each verse is saying to you, you would find those verses a complete guideline for you to deal with your daily life problems and confusions. Prophet Muhammad said, so join the true path of knowledge and learn holy quran to bring purity to your life. And see quran blog more quranic article
No comments:
Post a Comment