Stimulation of Desire for Jihad
1 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu
Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
said, "Someone who does jihad in the way of Aihad in the way of Allah is
like someone who fasts and prays constantly and does not slacken from his prayer
and fasting until he returns."
[cf Bukhari 2632]
2 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu
Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
said, "Allah guarantees either the Garden or a safe return to his home with
whatever he has obtained of reward or booty for the one who does jihad in
His way, if it is solely jihad and trust in His promise that brings him
out of his house."
[cf Bukhari 2635]
3 Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from Abu Salih as-Samman
from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, said, "Horses are a reward for one man, a protection for another, a
burden for another. The one for whom they are a reward is the one who dedicates
them for use in the way of Allah, and tethers them in a meadow or grassland.
Whatever the horse enjoys of the grassland or meadow in the length of its tether
are good deeds for him. If it breaks its tether and goes over a hillock or two,
its tracks and droppings are good deeds for him. If it crosses a river and
drinks from it while he did not mean to allow it to drink it, that counts as
good deeds for him, and the horse is a reward for him. Another man uses his
horse to gain self reliance and upstandingness and does not forget Allah's right
on their necks and backs. Horses are a protection for him. Another man uses them
out of pride to show them off and in hostility to the people of Islam. They are
a burden on that man."
The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was asked
about donkeys, and he said, "Nothing has been revealed to me about them except
this single all-inclusive ayat, 'Whoever does an atom of good will see it,
and whoever does an atom of evil will see it' (99:7-8).
[cf Bukhari 2705]
4 Yahya related to me from 'Abdullah ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ma'mar al-Ansari
that 'Ata' ibn Yasar said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, "Shall I tell you who has the best degree among people? A man
who takes the rein of his horse to do jihad in the way of Allah. Shall I
tell you who has the best degree among people after him? A man who lives alone
with a few sheep, performs the prayer, pays the zakat, and worships Allah
without associating anything with Him."
[In at-Tirmidhi and an-Nasa'i]
5 Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Sa'id said, "'Ubayda ibn al-Walid
ibn 'Ubada ibn as-Samit informed me from his father that his grandfather ('Ubada)
said, 'We made a contract with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, to hear and obey in ease and hardship, enthusiasm and
reluctance, and not to dispute with people in authority and to speak to
establish the truth wherever we were without worrying about criticism.' "
[In Bukhari and Muslim]
6 Yahya related to me from Malik that Zayd ibn Aslam had said that 'Ubayda
ibn al-Jarrah had written to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab mentioning to him a great
array of Byzantine troops and the anxiety they were causing him.'Umar ibn al-Khattab
wrote in reply to him, "Whatever hardship befalls a believing slave, Allah will
make an opening for him after it, and a hardship will not overcome two eases.
Allah the Exalted says in His Book, 'O you who believe! Be steadfast; be
supreme in steadfastness; be firm on the battlefield; and show fear of Allah –
so that perhaps you will be successful' (3:200)."
21.2 Prohibition against Travelling with the Qur'an in Enemy Territory
7 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said
that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade
travelling with a Qur'an in the land of the enemy. Malik commented, "That is out
of fear that the enemy will get hold of it."
[cf Bukhari 2828]
21.3 The Prohibition against Killing Women and Children in Military
Expeditions
8 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that a son of Ka'b ibn Malik
(Malik ibn Ka'b) said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, forbade those who fought Ibn Abi Huqayq (a treacherous Jew from
Madina) to kill women and children. He said that one of the men fighting
reported that the wife of Ibn Abi Huqayq began screaming and he repeatedly
raised his sword against her. Then he would remember the prohibition of the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, so he would stop.
Had it not been for that, we would have been rid of her."
9 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw the corpse of a woman who
had been slain in one of the raids, and he disapproved of it and forbade the
killing of women and children.
[cf Bukhari 2852]
10 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that Abu Bakr
as-Siddiq was sending armies to Syria. He went for a walk with Yazid ibn Abi
Sufyan who was the commander of one of the battalions. It is claimed that Yazid
said to Abu Bakr, "Will you ride or shall I get down?" Abu Bakr said, "I will
not ride and you will not get down. I intend these steps of mine to be in the
way of Allah." Then Abu Bakr advised Yazid, "You will find a people who claim to
have totally given themselves to Allah. Leave them to what they claim to have
given themselves. You will find a people who have shaved the middle of their
heads, strike what they haave shaved with the sword.
"I advise you ten things, Do not kill women or children or an aged, infirm
person. Do not cut down fruit-bearing trees. Do not destroy an inhabited place.
Do not slaughter sheep or camels except for food. Do not burn bees and do not
scatter them. Do not steal from the booty, and do not be cowardly."
11 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Umar ibn 'Abd
al-'Aziz wrote to one of his governors, "It has been passed down to us that when
the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent out a
raiding party, he would say to them, 'Make your raids in the name of Allah in
the way of Allah. Fight whoever denies Allah. Do not steal from the booty, and
do not act treacherously. Do not the mutiliate and do not kill children.' Say
the same to your armies and raiding parties, Allah willing. Peace be upon you."
[In Muslim]
21.4 Fulfilling Safe Conduct
12 Yahya related to me from Malik from a man of Kufa that 'Umar ibn
al-Khattab wrote to a commander of an army which he had sent out, "I have heard
that it is the habit of some of your men to chase an unbeliever till he takes
refuge in a high place. Then one man tells him in Persian not to be afraid, and
when he comes up to him, he kills him. By He in whose hand my self is, if I knew
someone who had done that, I would strike off his head."
Yahya said, I heard Malik say, "This tradition is not unanimously agreed
upon, so it is not acted upon."
Malik, when asked whether safe conduct promised by a gesture had the same
status as that promised by speech, said, 'Yes, I think that one can request an
army not to kill someone by gesturing for safe conduct, because as far as I am
concerned, gesture has the same status as speech. I have heard that 'Abdullah
ibn 'Abbas said, 'There is no people who betray a pledge, but that Allah gives
their enemies power over them.'"
21.5 Giving in the Way of Allah
13 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' that when 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar
gave something in the way of Allah, he would say to its owner, "When you reach
Wadi'l-Qura (on the outskirts of Madina) then it is your affair."
14 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that Sa'id ibn
al-Musayyab used to say, "When a man is given something for a military
expedition, and he brings it to the battlefield, it is his."
Malik was asked about a man who pledged himself to go on a military campaign,
equipped himself, and when he wanted to go out, one or both of his parents
forbade him to go. He said, "He should not contradict them. Let him put it off
for another year. As for the equipment, I think that he should store it until he
needs it. If he fears that it will spoil, let him sell it and keep its price so
that he can readily buy what is needed for a military expedition. If he is
well-to-do, he will find the like of his equipment when he goes out, so let him
do what he likes with his equipment."
21.6 Booty from War in General
15 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that
the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent a raiding
party which included 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar near Najd. They plundered many camels
and their portions were twelve or eleven camels each. They divided it up camel
by camel.
[In Bukhari and Muslim]
16 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that
he heard Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab say, "When people in military expeditions divided
the spoils, they made a camel equal to ten sheep."
[cf Bukhari 2356]
Malik said about the paid labourer in military expeditions, "If he is present
at the battle and is with the people in the battle and he is a free man, he has
his share. If he is not present, he has no share."
Malik summed up, "I think that the booty is only divided among free men who
have been present at the battle."
21.7 Things on Which the Tax of One-Fifth (Khums) is Not Obligatory
Malik said about enemy soldiers who were found on the seashore of a Muslim
land and claimed that they were merchants and that the sea had driven them
ashore, while the Muslims were not able to verify any of that nor that their
ships had been damaged, or they were thirsty and had disembarked without the
permission of the Muslims, "I think that it is up to the ruler to give his
opinion about them, and I do not think that the tax of one-fifth is taken from
them."
21.8 What It is Permissible for the Muslims to Eat Before the Spoils are
Divided
Malik said, "I do not see that there is any harm in the Muslims eating
whatever food they come across in enemy territory before the spoils are
divided."
Malik said, "I think that any camels, cattle and sheep (taken as booty) are
considered as food which the Muslims can eat in enemy territory. If they could
not be eaten until the people had gathered for the divisions and the spoils had
been distributed among them, that would be harmful for the army. I do not see
any objection to eating such things within acceptable limits. I do not think,
however, that anyone should store up any of it to take back to his family."
Malik was asked whether it was proper for a man who had obtained food in
enemy territory and had eaten some of it and stocked up some of it as provision
and some of it was left over - was it correct for him to keep it and then eat it
with his family, or to sell before he had come to his country and make use of
its price? He said, "If he sells it while he is on a military expedition, I
think that he should put its price into the booty of the Muslims. If he takes it
back to his country, I see no objection to his eating it and using it if it is a
small amount."
21.9 Returning Enemy Plunder to the Owner Before the Division of the
Spoils
17 Yahya related to me from Malik that it reached him that a slave of
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar escaped and one of his horses wandered off, and the
idolworshippers seized them. Then the Muslims re-captured them, and they were
returned to 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, before the division of the spoils took place.
[cf Bukhari 2902]
I heard Malik say about Muslim property that had been seized by the enemy,
"If it is noticed before the distribution, then it is returned to its owner.
Whatever has already been distributed is not returned to anyone."
Malik, when asked about a man whose young male slave was taken by the
idolaters and then the Muslims re-captured him, said, "The owner is more
entitled to him without having to pay his price or value or having to incur any
loss before the distribution takes place. If the distribution has already taken
place, then I think that the slave belongs to his master for his price if the
master wants him back."
Regarding an umm walad of a Muslim man who has been taken by the
idolaters and then re-captured by the Muslims and allotted in the distribution
of spoils and then recognised by her master after the distribution. Malik said,
"She is not to be enslaved. I think that the ruler should pay a ransom for her
for her master. If he does not do it, then her master must pay a ransom for her
and not leave her. I do not think that she should be made a slave by whoever
takes her nor is it halal for him to have intercourse with her. She is in
the position of a free woman because her master would be required to pay
compensation if she injured somebody and so she is in the same position (as a
wife). He should not leave an umm walad of his to be made a slave and
intercourse with her to be made halal."
Malik was asked about a man who went to enemy territory to pay ransom or to
trade, and he brought a free man or a slave, or they were given to him. He said,
"As for the free man, the price he buys him for is a debt against the man and he
is not made a slave. If the captive is given to him freely, he is free and owes
nothing unless the man gave something in recompense for him. That is a debt
against the free man, the same as if a ransom had been paid for him. As for a
slave, his former master can choose to take him back and pay his price to the
man who brought him or he can choose to leave him, as he wishes. If he was given
to the man, the former master is more entitled to him, and he does nothing for
him unless the man gave something for him in recompense. Whatever he gave for
him is a loss against the master if he wants him back."
21.10 Stripping the Slain of their Personal Effects in the Booty
18 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from 'Amr ibn Kathir
in Aflah from Abu Muhammad, the mawla of Abu Qatada, that Abu Qatada ibn Rib'i
said, "We went out with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, in the year of Hunayn. When the armies met, the Muslims were put in
disarray. I saw a man from the idolaters who had got the better of one of the
Muslims, so I circled round and came up behind him and struck him with a sword
on his shoulder-blade. He turned to me and grabbed me so hard that I felt the
smell of death in it. Then death overcame him, and he let go of me."
He continued, "I met 'Umar ibn al-Khattab and said to him, "What's going on
with the people?' He replied, 'The Command of Allah.' Then the people returned
from the battle and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, said, 'Whoever has killed one of the dead and can prove it, can strip him
of his personal effects.' I stood up and said, 'Who will testify for me?' and
then I sat down. The Messenger of Allah repeated, 'Whoever has killed one of the
dead and can prove it, can strip him of his personal effects.' I stood up and
said, 'Who will testify for me?' then I sat down. Then he repeated his statement
for a third time, so I stood up, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, said, 'What's the matter with you, Abu Qatada?' So I
related my story to him. A man said, 'He has spoken the truth, Messenger of
Allah. I have the effects of that slain person with me, so give him compensation
for it, Messenger of Allah.'
Abu Bakr said, 'No, by Allah! He did not intend that one of the lions of
Allah should fight forr Allah and His Messenger and then give you his spoils.'
The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'He has
spoken the truth, hand it over to him.' He gave it to me, and I sold the
breast-plate and I bought a garden in the area of the Banu Salima with the
money. It was the first property, I had acquired it since becoming Muslim."
[In Muslim]
19 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad
said that he had heard a man asking Ibn 'Abbas about booty. Ibn 'Abbas said,
"Horses are part of the booty and personal effects are as well."
Then the man repeated his question, and Ibn 'Abbas repeated his answer. Then
the man said, "What are the spoils which He, the Blessed, the Exalted, mentions
in His Book?" He kept on asking until Ibn 'Abbas was on the verge of getting
annoyed, then Ibn 'Abbas said, "Do you know who this man is like? He is like Ibn
Sabigh, who was beaten ibn al-Khattab because he was notorious for asking
foolish questions."
Yahya said that Malik was asked whether someone who killed one of the enemy
could keep the man's effects without the permission of the ruler. He said, "No
one can do that without the permission of the ruler. Only the ruler can exercise
ijtihad. I have not heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, ever said, 'Whoever kills someone can have his
effects,' on any other day than the day of Hunayn."
21.11 Awarding Bonuses from the Tax of One Fifth (Khums)
20 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad that Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab
said, "People used to be given bonuses from the khums."
Malik said, "That is the best of what I have heard on the matter."
Malik was asked about bonuses and whether they were taken from the first of
the spoils, and he said, "That is only decided according to the discretion
(ijtihad) of the ruler. We do not have a known reliable command about that other
than it is up to the ijtihad of the Sultan. I have not heard that the Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave bonuses in all his
raids. I have only heard that he gave bonuses in one of them, namely the day of
Hunayn. It depends on the discretion of the ruler whether they are taken from
the first of the spoils or what is after it."
21.12 The Share of the Spoils Allotted to Cavalry in Military Expeditions
21 Yahya related to me that Malik said that he had heard the 'Umar ibn 'Abd
al-'Aziz used to say, "The man on horse-back has two shares, and the man on foot
has one."
[cf Bukhari ]
Malik added, "I continue to hear the same."
Malik, when asked whether a man who was present with several horses took a
share for all of them, said, "I have never heard that. I think that there is
only a share for the horse on which he fought."
Malik said, "I think that working horses and half-breeds are considered as
horses because Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, says in His Book, 'And
horses, mules and donkeys both to ride and for adornment.' (16:8) He said,
the Mighty, the Majestic, 'Arm yourselves against them with all the firepower
and cavalry you can muster, to terrify the enemies of Allah and your enemies.'
(8:60) I think that working breeds and half-breeds are considered as horses
if the governor accepts them."
Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab was asked about work-horses and whether there was
zakat on them. He said, "Is there any zakat on horses?"
21.13 Stealing from the Spoils
22 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Sa'id from 'Amr ibn
Shu'ayb that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, came back from Hunayn heading for al-Ji'rana, the people crowded around
so much to question him that his she-camel backed into a tree, which became
entangled in his cloak and pulled it off his back. The Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Return my cloak to me. Are you
afraid that I will not distribute among you what Allah has given you as spoils?
By He in whose hand my self is! Had Allah given you as spoils as many camels as
there are acacia trees in Tihama, I would have distributed it among you. You
will not find me to be miserly, cowardly, or a liar." Then the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, got down and stood among the
people, and said, "Hand over even the needle and thread, for stealing from the
spoils is disgrace, fire, ignominy on the Day of Rising for people who do it."
Then he took a bit of camel fluff or something from the ground and said, "By
He in whose hand my self is! What Allah has made spoils for you is not mine -
even the like of this! - except for the tax of one-fifth (khums), and the
tax of one-fifth is returned to you."
[In an-Nasa'i]
23 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from Muhammad ibn
Yahya ibn Habban from Ibn Abi 'Amra that Zayd ibn Khalid al-Juhani said, "A man
died on the day of Hunayn, and they mentioned him to the Messenger of Allah, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace." Zayd claimed that the Messenger of Allah,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "You pray over your companion."
(i.e. he would not pray himself). The people's faces dropped at that. Zayd
claimed that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
said, "Your companion stole from the spoils taken in the way of Allah." Zayd
said, "So we opened up his baggage and found some Jews' beads worth about two
dirhams."
[In Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah]
24 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from 'Abdullah ibn
al-Mughira ibn Abi Burda al-Kinani that he had heard that the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to the people in their
tribes and made du'a' for them, but left out one of the tribes. 'Abdullah
related, "The tribe found an onyx necklace stolen from the booty in the
saddle-bags of one of their men. The Messenger bless him and grant him peace,
came to them, and then did the takbir over them as one does the takbir
over of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to them, and then
did the takbir over them as one does the takbir over the dead."
25 Yahya related to me from Malik from Thawr ibn Zayd ad-Dili from
Abu'l-Ghayth Salim, the mawla of ibn Muti' that Abu Hurayra said, "We went out
with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the
year of Khaybar. We did not capture any gold or silver except for personal
effects, clothes, and household goods. Rifa'a ibn Zayd gave a black slave boy
called Mid'am to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made for
Wadi'l-Qura. After he arrived there, Mid'am was struck and killed by a stray
arrow while unsaddling the camel of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace. The people said, 'Good luck to him! The Garden!'
The Messenger of Allah said, 'No! By He in whose hand my self is! The cloak
which he took from the spoils on the Day of Khaybar before they were distributed
will blaze with fire on him.' When the people heard that, a man brought a
sandal-strap - or two sandal-straps - to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, said, 'A sandal-strap - or two sandal-straps - of fire!' "
[In Bukhari and Muslim]
26 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that he had heard that
'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas said, "Stealing from the spoils does not appear in a people
but that terror is cast into their hearts. Fornication does not spread in a
people but that there is much death among them. A people do not lessen the
measure and weight but that provision is cut off from them. A people do not
judge without right but that blood spreads among them. A people do not betray
the pledge but that Allah gives their enemies power over them."
21.14 The Martyrs in the Way of Allah
27 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu
Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
said, "By He in whose hand my self is! I would like to fight in the way of Allah
and be killed, then brought to life again so I could be killed, and then brought
to life again so I could be killed."
Abu Hurayra said three times, "I testify to it by Allah!"
[In Bukhari and Muslim]
28 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu
Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
said, "Allah laughs at two men. One of them kills the other, but each of them
will enter the Garden; one fights in the way of Allah and is killed, then Allah
turns (in forgiveness) to the killer, so he fights (in the way of Allah) and
also becomes a martyr."
[cf Bukhari 2671]
29 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu
Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
said, "By He in whose hand my self is! None of you is wounded in the way of
Allah - and Allah knows best who is wounded in His way, but that when the Day of
Rising comes, blood will gush forth from his wound. It will be the colour of
blood, but its scent will be that of musk."
[cf Bukhari 2649]
30 Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that 'Umar ibn
al-Khattab used to say, "O Allah! Do not let me be slain by the hand of a man
who has prayed a single prostration to You with which he will dispute with me
before You on the Day of Rising!"
31 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from Sa'id al-Maqburi
from 'Abdullah ibn Abi Qatada that his father said that a man came to the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, "O
Messenger of Allah! If I am killed in the way of Allah, expecting the reward,
sincere, advancing, and not retreating, will Allah pardon my faults?" The
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Yes." When
the man turned away, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, called him - or sent an order to him and he was called to him. The
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, "What
did you say?" He repeated his words to him, and the Prophet, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, said to him, "Yes, except for debts. Jibril said that to
me."
[In Muslim]
32 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'n-Nadr, the mawla of 'Umar ibn
'Ubaydullah that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, said over the martyrs of Uhud, "I testify for them." Abu
Bakr as-Siddiq said, "Messenger of Allah! Are we not their brothers? We entered
Islam as they entered Islam and we did jihad as they did jihad." The
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Yes, but I
do not know what you will do after me." Abu Bakr wept profusely and said, "Are
we really going to out-live you!"
33 Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Sa'id said, "The Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was sitting by a grave which
was being dug at Madina. A man looked into the grave and said, 'An awful bed for
the believer.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
said, 'Evil? What you have said is absolutely wrong.'
The man said, 'I didn't mean that, Messenger of Allah. I meant being killed
in the way of Allah.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, said, 'Being killed in the way of Allah has no like! There is no place on
the earth where grave to be than here (meaning Madina).' He repeated it three
times."
21.15 Things in which Martyrdom Lies
34 Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that 'Umar ibn
al-Khattab used to say, "O Allah! I ask You for martyrdom in Your way and death
in the city of Your Messenger!"
[cf Bukhari 1791]
35 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that 'Umar ibn
al-Khattab said, "The nobility of the believer is his taqwa. His deen
is his noble descent. His manliness is his good character. Boldness and
cowardice are but instincts which Allah places wherever He wills. The coward
shrinks from defending even his father and mother, and the bold one fights for
the sake of the combat not for the spoils. Being slain is but one way of meeting
death, and the martyr is the one who gives himself, expectant of reward from
Allah."
21.16 How to Wash the Martyr
36 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that
'Umar ibn al-Khattab was washed and shrouded and prayed over, yet he was a
martyr, may Allah have mercy on him.
37 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard the people of knowledge
say that martyrs in the way of Allah were not washed, nor were any of them
prayed over. They were buried in the garments in which they were slain.
Malik said, "This is the sunna for someone who is killed on the
battleground and is not reached until he is already dead. Someone who is carried
off and lives for as long as Allah wills after it, is washed and prayed over as
was 'Umar ibn al-Khattab."
21.17 What is Disliked to be Done with Something Given in the Way of Allah
38 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that 'Umar ibn
al-Khattab in one year gave 40,000 camels as war-mounts. Sometimes he would give
one man a camel to himself. Sometimes he would give one camel between two men to
take them to Iraq. A man from Iraq came to him and said, "Give me and Suhaym a
mount." 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said to him, "I ask you by Allah, is suhaym
a water-skin?" He answered, "Yes."
21.18 Stimulation of Desire for Jihad
39 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ishaq ibn 'Abdullah ibn Abi Talha that
Anas ibn Malik had said that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, arrived at Quba, he visited Umm Haram bint Milhan and she
fed him. Umm Haram was the wife of 'Ubada ibn as-Samit. One day the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had called on her and she had
fed him, and sat down to delouse his hair. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, had dozed and woke up smiling. Umm Haram said,
"What is making you smile, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Some of my community
were presented to me, riding in the way of Allah. They were riding in the middle
of the sea, kings on thrones, or like kings on thrones." (Ishaq was not sure).
She said, "O Messenger of Allah! Ask Allah to put me among them!" So he made a
du'a' for her, and put his head down and slept. Then he had woken up
smiling, and she said to him, "Messenger of Allah, why are you smiling?" He
said, "Some of my community were presented to me, raiding in the way of Allah.
They were kings on thrones or like kings on thrones," as he had said the first
time. She said, "O Messenger of Allah! Ask Allah to let me be among them!" He
said, "You are among the first."
Ishaq added, "She travelled on the sea in the time of Mu'awiya, and when she
landed, she was thrown from her mount and killed."
[cf Bukhari 2636]
40 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id from Abu Salih
as-Samman from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, said, "Had I not been concerned for my community, I would have
liked never to stay behind a raiding party going out in the way of Allah.
However, I do not have the means to carry them to it, nor can they find for
themselves anything on which to ride out and it is grievous for them to have to
stay behind from me. I would like to fight in the way of Allah and then be
killed, then brought back to life so that I could be killed and then brought
back to life so that I could be killed."
[cf Bukhari 2636]
41 Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Sa'id said, "On the Day of
Uhud, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,
'Who will bring me news of Sa'id ibn ar-Rabi' al-Ansari?' A man said, 'Me,
Messenger of Allah!' So the man went around among the slain, and Sa'id ibn
ar-Rabi' said to him, 'What are you doing?' The man said to him, 'The Messenger
of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent me to bring him news of
you.' He said, 'Go to him, and give him my greetings, and tell him that I have
been stabbed twelve times, and am mortally wounded. Tell your people that they
will have no excuse with Allah if the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, is slain while one of them is still alive.' "
42 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wstimulated people to do
jihad and mentioned the Garden. One of the Ansar was eating some dates he
had in his hand, him peace, was stimulating people to do jihad,
mentioning the Garden. One of the Ansar was eating some dates he had in his
hand, and said, "Am I so desirous of this world that I should sit until I finish
them?" He threw aside what was in his hand and took his sword and fought until
he was slain.
[In Bukhari and Muslim]
43 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that Mu'adh ibn Jabal
said, "There are two types of military expeditions. There is one military
expedition in which valuables are spent, things are made easy for a fellow,
authorities are obeyed, and corruption is avoided. That military expedition is
all good. There is a military expedition in which valuables are not spent,
things are not made easy, the authorities are not obeyed, and corruption is not
avoided. The one who fights in that military expedition does not return with any
reward."
[Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i]
21.19 Horses and Racing Them and Financing in Military Expeditions
44 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that
the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Blessing
is in the forelocks of horses until the Day of Rising."
[cf Bukhari 2694]
45 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that
the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, held a race
between horses which had been made lean by training, from al-Hafya to
Thaniyatu'l-Wada. He held a race between horses which had not been made lean
from the Thaniya (a mountain pass near Madina) to the mosque of the Banu Zurayq.
'Abdullah ibn 'Umar was among those who raced them.
[cf Bukhari 410]
46 Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Sa'id heard Sa'id ibn
al-Musayyab say, "There is no harm in placing stakes on horses if a third horse
enters the race. The winner takes the stake, and the loser has no liability."
47 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa'id that the Messenger of
Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was seen wiping the face of his
horse with his cloak. He was questioned about it and said, "I was reproached in
the night about horses," i.e. not taking care of them.
[mursal]
48 Yahya related to me from Malik from Humayd at-Tawil from Anas ibn Malik
that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went
out to Khaybar, he arrived there at night, and when he came upon a people by
night, he did not attack until morning. In the morning, the Jews came out with
their spades and baskets. When they saw him, they said, "Muhammad! By Allah,
Muhammad and his army!" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, said, "Allah is greater! Khaybar is destroyed. When we come to a
people, it is an evil morning for those who have been warned."
[cf Bukhari 2785]
49 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Humayd ibn 'Abd
ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever hands over two of any type of property
in the way of Allah is called to the Garden, with the words, 'O slave of Allah!
This is good!' Whoever is among the people of prayer, is called from the gate of
prayer. Whoever is among the people of jihad is called from the gate of
jihad. Whoever is among the people of sadaqa, is called from the
gate of sadaqa. Whoever is among the people of fasting, is called from
the gate of the well-watered (Bab ar-Rayyan)."
Abu Bakr as-Siddiq said, "Messenger of Allah! Is it absolutely necessary that
one be called from one of these gates? Can someone be called from all of these
gates?" He said, "Yes, and I hope you are among them."
[cf Bukhari 1798]
21.20 Acquisition of the Land of Dhimmis who Surrender
Malik was asked whether he thought that when an imam had accepted jizya
from a people and they gave it, the land of any of those who surrendered
belonged to the Muslims. Malik said, "That varies. As for the people who make a
treaty - those of them who surrenders are entitled to their land and property.
As for the people of force who are taken by force - if one of them surrenders,
his land and property belong to the Muslims because the people of force are
overcome in their towns, and this becomes booty for the Muslims. As for the
people with atreaty, their property and lives are protected by the treaty they
made. Only whnly whims. As for the people of peace, their property and lives are
protected by them making peace for them. Only whthe terms of the treaty are
demanded of them."
21.21 Burial in One Grave by Necessity and Abu Bakr's Carrying Out the
Promise of the Messenger of Allah After the Death of the Messenger
50 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Sa'sa'a that he
had heard that 'Amr ibn al-Jamuh al-Ansari and 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar al-Ansari,
both of the tribe of Banu Salama, had their grave uncovered by a flood. Their
grave was part of what was left after the flood. They were in the same grave,
having been among those martyred at Uhud. They were dug up so that they might be
moved. They were found unchanged. It was as if they had only died the day
before. One of them had been wounded, and he had put his hand over his wound and
had been buried like that. His hand was pulled away from his wound and released,
and it returned to where it had been. It was forty-six years between Uhud and
the day they were dug up.
Malik said, "There is no harm in burying two or three men in the same grave
due to necessity. The oldest one is put nearest to the qibla."
51 Yahya related to me from Malik from Rabi'a ibn Abi 'Abd
ar-Rahman said, "Property was sent to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq from Bahrain. He said,
'If someone had a promise or a pledge with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, let him come to me.' So Jabir ibn 'Abdullah came
to him, and he gave him three cupped handfuls."
[cf Bukhari 2174]
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